基于软件定义网络的WSNs非均匀分簇算法研究

发布时间：2018-08-15 16:56

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(WSN)是由大量的无线传感器节点构成的一种可以具有广泛用途的网络,其可用来进行环境监测,军事监控,目标追踪等应用。通常无线传感器网络节点是一些嵌入式设备,其具有低功耗,能量一定不可充电,存储能力有限的特点。由于能量固定的特点,网络运作过程中会出现节点死亡现象,如何高效利用节点能量,尽可能的提高网络生存时间为设计无线传感器网络协议的一个首要考虑的问题。无线传感网络路由协议依据网络节点在路由中的地位分为平面路由和分层路由。分簇路由协议是分层路由的典型代表。分簇路由利用数据聚合技术,极大地提高了网络生存时间。软件定义网络(SDN)在近几年飞速发展,逐渐有学者将SDN架构进入到WSN中,通过SDN的高灵活性和高可配置性来提高整个网络性能。本文提出了一种基于软件定义网络的无线传感网络非均匀分簇协议SDUCR(SDN-based Unequal Clustering Routing protocol for WSNs)。现阶段的分簇协议均为分布式路由,在簇头选择阶段和路由线路选择阶段节点间需要大量的信息交换。针对以上不足,SDUCR做了如下优化:(1)将分簇工作和路由线路选择工作交付给控制器。由控制器决定簇头、簇成员和簇头到基站的下一跳,然后通过控制包下发到簇头节点。(2)控制器端使用CUCA算法进行分簇,通过对传感器节点相互之间的距离和剩余能量,选择最优的簇头,并使用非均匀分簇方式,使得靠近基站的簇的大小尽量小,簇头尽量多,从而推迟能量黑洞的出现时间。(3)控制器使用CGMEC算法来建立路由树。控制器维护整个网络的拓扑图,根据拓扑图计算出能量耗费最小的路由路径,从而建立能量耗费最小路由树。(4)设置能量阈值来控制分簇频率,当簇头节点能量小于能量阈值时,控制器在当前簇内选择轮换节点,避免频繁分簇。仿真实验表明,SDUCR相比LEACH,HEED,EEUC,CAUCR等协议,极大地提高了网络生存时间。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) is composed of a large number of wireless sensor nodes, which can be widely used in environmental monitoring, military monitoring, target tracking and other applications. Generally, wireless sensor network nodes are embedded devices, which have the characteristics of low power consumption, unrechargeable energy and limited storage capacity. Due to the characteristics of fixed energy, node death will occur in the process of network operation. How to use node energy efficiently and improve the network lifetime as much as possible is a primary consideration in the design of wireless sensor network protocol. Wireless sensor network routing protocols can be divided into planar routing and hierarchical routing according to the status of network nodes in routing. Cluster routing protocol is a typical representative of hierarchical routing. Cluster routing uses data aggregation technology to greatly improve the network lifetime. With the rapid development of software defined network (SDN) in recent years, some scholars have gradually introduced the SDN architecture into WSN and improved the performance of the whole network through the high flexibility and high configurability of SDN. This paper presents a non-uniform clustering protocol SDUCR (SDN-based Unequal Clustering Routing protocol for WSNs).) for wireless sensor networks based on software-defined networks. At present, the clustering protocols are distributed routing, which requires a large amount of information exchange between the nodes in the cluster head selection stage and the routing line selection stage. The optimization of SDUCR is as follows: (1) the work of clustering and routing is delivered to the controller. The controller determines the next hop of cluster head, cluster member and cluster head to the base station, then sends the control packet down to the cluster head node. (2) the controller uses CUCA algorithm to cluster the sensor nodes. By selecting the optimal cluster head and using the non-uniform clustering method, the cluster size near the base station is as small as possible, and the cluster head is as much as possible, thus delaying the emergence of the energy black hole. (3) the CGMEC algorithm is used to build the routing tree. The controller maintains the topology diagram of the whole network, calculates the route path with the least energy consumption according to the topology graph, and establishes the minimum energy consumption routing tree. (4) set up the energy threshold to control the clustering frequency, when the energy of the cluster head node is less than the energy threshold, The controller selects rotation nodes in the current cluster to avoid frequent clustering. The simulation results show that SDUCR can greatly improve the network lifetime compared with the protocols such as Leech HEEDU EucCUCR and so on.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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