WLAN全向宽带天线阵及定向双频天线的设计

发布时间：2018-09-04 19:44

【摘要】：近年来,随着无线通信的发展,无线局域网(Wireless Local Area Networks,WLAN)这一通信技术被广泛应用,工作于WLAN频段的天线也引起了人们的广泛研究。并且随着通信系统日渐复杂,对天线的要求也日益提高,所以根据不同的应用环境,设计出不同方向性且能够节约频谱资源的天线具有一定的理论价值和实际意义。因此,本文设计了两款应用于WLAN频段不同方向性且具有宽带和多频特性的天线。本文首先设计了一款工作在WLAN2.4GHz频段的全向宽带天线阵。该天线阵的单元天线采用微带印刷天线的结构,尺寸较小且易于集成。辐射贴片选用两组对称振子,具有很好的宽频特性,且能够实现全向辐射。馈电方式采用同轴馈电,且将每组对称振子的两个振子臂分别印刷于介质基板的两侧,避免了空气跳线等复杂的馈电结构,进一步减小了天线的尺寸。在此基础上,将四个单元天线进行组阵,同时设计了一款一分四的威尔金森馈电网络来对阵列天线进行馈电,得到了水平全向宽带天线阵。然后,本文又设计了一款工作在WLAN 2.4GHz和5.8GHz两个频段的定向双频双极化天线。该天线采用缝隙结构实现了多频的特性,馈电方式为同轴馈电。同时,在天线的两个馈电点之间引入了环形缝隙带状线,通过优化环形缝隙的宽度和位置,能够更好地增加天线的端口隔离度。该天线将地板作为反射板,实现了天线定向的工作特性,并增加了天线的增益。本文采用理论设计和仿真软件优化相结合的方法,首先利用HFSS软件进行建模和仿真,并且利用软件对天线的各个参数进行了优化和选择,然后根据设计结果对天线进行了实际的加工和测试。测试结果显示,本文设计的全向宽频天线阵和定向双频双极化天线基本达到设计要求。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of wireless communication, the wireless LAN (Wireless Local Area Networks,WLAN) communication technology has been widely used, and the antenna working in the WLAN band has been widely studied. As the communication system becomes more and more complex, the requirement of antenna is becoming higher and higher, so it is of theoretical value and practical significance to design antenna with different directionality and save spectrum resources according to different application environment. Therefore, two antennas with broadband and multi-frequency characteristics are designed for different directionality in WLAN band. In this paper, we first design a omnidirectional wideband antenna array working in WLAN2.4GHz band. The antenna of the antenna array adopts the structure of microstrip printed antenna, which is small in size and easy to integrate. Two groups of symmetrical oscillators are selected for the radiation patch, which have good broadband characteristics and can realize omnidirectional radiation. The two vibrator arms of each group of symmetrical vibrators are printed on both sides of the dielectric substrate to avoid the complicated feed structure such as air jumper and further reduce the size of the antenna. On this basis, four unit antennas are assembled and a four-point Wilkinson feed network is designed to feed the array antenna, and a horizontal omnidirectional wideband antenna array is obtained. Then, a directional dual frequency dual polarization antenna working in the WLAN 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz bands is designed. The antenna adopts slot structure to realize multi-frequency characteristic, and the feeding mode is coaxial feed. At the same time, an annular slot strip line is introduced between the two feeding points of the antenna. By optimizing the width and position of the annular slot, the isolation degree of the antenna can be increased better. The antenna uses the floor as the reflector to realize the antenna orientation and increase the antenna gain. In this paper, the method of combining theoretical design and simulation software optimization is adopted. Firstly, the HFSS software is used to model and simulate the antenna, and the parameters of the antenna are optimized and selected by the software. Then the antenna is processed and tested according to the design results. The test results show that the omnidirectional wideband antenna array and directional dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna designed in this paper basically meet the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820;TN925.93

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