一种车载小型移动卫星通信天线设计

发布时间：2018-10-08 21:03

【摘要】：随着卫星通信技术的迅猛发展,“动中通”系统作为一种搭载在汽车、火车、飞机、轮船等移动载体上,并且在载体运动过程中仍能持续与卫星实现双向通信的系统,在突发公共事件处理、应急指挥、信息实时传递等领域中发挥着重要作用,在军民领域都有广阔的应用前景。随着“动中通”系统的不断进步,与此同时作为“动中通”系统中重要组成部分的移动卫星通信天线也在持续进行技术革新。传统反射面天线“动中通”体积大、重量大、调整困难,直接移植到移动载体上不但会因为卫星通信平台太笨重而降低载体的机动性,而且还会因为这种平台占用体积过大而产生载体通过桥梁、隧道、涵洞时的限制性问题。平板天线具有剖面低、体积小、重量轻、效率高等优点,因此使得“动中通”天线的研究从反射面天线转向了平板天线。本文针对某国防通信工程,研制了一款双极化、高效率、方向图对称、高增益、低剖面、小型“动中通”平板阵列天线,并得到了应用。本文的主要工作和创新点可以归纳为以下几个方面:(1)对比分析了几种“动中通”天线的优缺点,根据项目需要,提出了一种4×4单元的小型“动中通”平板阵列天线总体设计方案,该阵列天线收/发单元共享同一辐射口面,收发馈电网络独立。(2)完成了收/发频段功率分配/合成网络的设计,为了拓宽工作频带,在有限的空间内,采用了多节和单节阻抗匹配相结合的方法。(3)利用多阶梯抑制高次模的理论可以实现矩形波导到圆形波导的过渡,完成了双极化正交模的设计。(4)为了提高阵列天线方向图的对称性,在各个平面获得更加一致的副瓣电平等性能,论文提出了一种相对于常规圆锥喇叭方向图更加对称的新型八边形喇叭,并通过合理设置八边形喇叭的张角提高增益,在阵列单元间距过大的情况下,消除了阵列天线的栅瓣,使得阵列天线在各个平面获得了可以接受的副瓣电平等性能。(5)利用方向图乘积定理计算了阵列的方向图,并对比分析了不同阵列单元组成的阵列的性能。完成了天线的制作和现场测试,并对实测数据进行了分析。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of satellite communication technology, the "moving Communication" system is a system that can carry on the mobile carriers such as cars, trains, aircraft, ships and so on, and can continue to realize two-way communication with the satellite in the course of the carrier motion. It plays an important role in public emergency management, emergency command, information real-time transmission and so on, and has a broad application prospect in the field of military and civil affairs. With the development of the mobile communication system, the mobile satellite communication antenna, which is an important part of the mobile communication system, is undergoing continuous technological innovation. Because the traditional reflector antenna has the advantages of large volume, heavy weight and difficult adjustment, it will not only reduce the maneuverability of the satellite communication platform, but also reduce the mobility of the carrier because the satellite communication platform is too cumbersome to be directly transplanted to the mobile carrier. And because the platform occupies too much volume, it will produce the restrictive problem when the carrier passes through bridges, tunnels and culverts. The flat antenna has the advantages of low profile, small volume, light weight, high efficiency and so on. Therefore, the research of "moving through" antenna has changed from the reflector antenna to the flat antenna. In this paper, a dual polarization, high efficiency, symmetrical pattern, high gain, low profile, small "moving through" flat array antenna is developed for a national defense communication project, and has been applied. The main work and innovation of this paper can be summarized as follows: (1) the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of "moving through" antennas are compared and analyzed, according to the needs of the project, In this paper, a design scheme of a 4 脳 4 unit small "moving through" flat array antenna is presented. The antenna receiving / transmitting unit shares the same radiator surface. The transceiver feed network is independent. (2) the design of the receiving / transmitting band power distribution / synthesis network is completed. In order to widen the working frequency band, in a limited space, The method of multi-section and single-section impedance matching is adopted. (3) the transition from rectangular waveguide to circular waveguide can be realized by using the theory of multi-step suppression of high order mode. The design of bipolarization orthogonal mode is completed. (4) in order to improve the symmetry of array antenna pattern, we obtain more consistent sidelobe level in each plane. In this paper, a new octagonal horn with more symmetrical pattern than the conventional conical horn is proposed. The gain is improved by setting the angle of the octagonal horn reasonably, and the gate lobe of the array antenna is eliminated when the array cell spacing is too large. The array antenna can obtain acceptable sidelobe level in each plane. (5) the pattern of the array is calculated by using the pattern product theorem, and the performance of the array composed of different array elements is compared and analyzed. The antenna fabrication and field test are completed, and the measured data are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN927.2;TN828.5

【相似文献】