光纤陀螺输入轴失准角误差及补偿技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-10 17:36

【摘要】：光纤陀螺仪作为全固态仪表,具有寿命长、质量轻、体积小、动态范围大、精度应用覆盖面广、抗冲击等特点,已成为新一代捷联惯性导航系统及其它应用中较理想的陀螺仪表。随着光纤陀螺精度的提升,陀螺失准角及其误差的影响越发突出。例如:在地面静态试验中,1.5角分的失准角误差将会导致光纤陀螺产生0.0066°/h的零偏测试误差、0.0123°/h的零偏位置误差与0.1ppm的标度因数不稳定性。这一失准角误差同样会导致光纤惯组产生超过1角分的初始对准误差与随时间成指数型增长的导航定位误差。因此,为了能有效提升光纤陀螺的使用精度,有必要深入开展陀螺失准角误差机理的研究并寻找有效的技术解决措施。首先,论文理论推导了螺旋绕制的光纤环导致失准角及失准角误差的产生原因。经分析,理想的对称绕法不会产生失准角,诸多工艺问题是导致失准角产生的主要原因。合理的改善工艺措施有利于在研制、生产过程中降低陀螺失准角。当前光纤陀螺常见的应用环境因素中,温度、应力释放、振动、长期辐照均会引起难以补偿的失准角变化(即失准角误差);短期辐照与磁场虽然会对零偏与标度因数造成较大影响,但在光纤陀螺正常工作的范围内不会产生失准角误差。其次,论文分析了陀螺失准角误差对零偏漂移测试、多位置零偏测试(用于衡量陀螺零偏在不同空间位置的重复性)、标度因数稳定性、初始对准、导航定位等性能指标的作用机理及影响结果。通过分析可知,输入轴失准角及其误差不仅会严重影响导航精度,对高精度光纤陀螺的其它性能指标也会有较大影响。最后,论文开展了失准角及失准角误差抑制的相关研究。本文在现有技术基础上提出了失准角温度误差的补偿方法,对补偿方法的物理意义、方法误差、精确建模进行了深入研究,通过试验证明了该补偿方法的有效性与实用性。但是,该补偿方法需要三个正交轴的角速度信息作为补偿输入,所以不适用于独立应用的单轴光纤陀螺。针对独立使用的单轴速率陀螺,本文提出了一种利用尾纤倾斜绕制补偿单轴陀螺失准角的方法。在研究过程中不仅证明了该补偿方法的可行性,也结合工程实际分析了可能遇到的问题。鉴于该补偿方法的实现尚有诸多工艺问题需要考虑,本文仅进行理论推导。本文研究表明,全面开展陀螺失准角的研究工作,不仅可以有效地提高我们对失准角产生机理与误差影响的认识,也可以有效地抑制陀螺失准角及其误差,提升高精度光纤陀螺及惯组的应用精度。
[Abstract]:As an all-solid-state instrument, fiber optic gyroscope has the characteristics of long life, light weight, small volume, wide dynamic range, wide precision application coverage, anti-impact and so on. It has become an ideal gyroscope instrument in the new generation strapdown inertial navigation system and other applications. With the improvement of the precision of fiber optic gyroscope (fog), the influence of gyroscope misalignment angle and its error becomes more and more prominent. For example, in the static test on the ground, the misalignment error of 1.5-angle will lead to the error of 0.0066 掳/ h, the error of 0.0123 掳/ h and the instability of the scale factor of 0.1ppm. This misalignment error will also lead to the initial alignment error of more than 1 angle and the exponential increase of navigation and positioning error over time in the optical fiber inertial system. Therefore, in order to improve the precision of fiber optic gyroscope, it is necessary to study the error mechanism of gyroscope misalignment and find effective technical solutions. Firstly, the paper theoretically deduces the causes of the error caused by the helically wound optical fiber loop. The analysis shows that the ideal symmetrical winding method can not produce the misalignment angle, and many technological problems are the main causes of the misalignment angle. Reasonable technical measures are beneficial to reduce the misalignment angle of gyroscope in the process of development and production. Temperature, stress release, vibration are the common environmental factors in the application of fiber optic gyroscope (fog) at present. Long-term irradiation will cause uncompensated misalignment (that is, misalignment error). Although short-term irradiation and magnetic field will have a great effect on zero bias and scaling factor, they will not produce misalignment error in the normal range of fog. Secondly, the paper analyzes gyroscope misalignment angle error to zero offset drift test, multi-position zero bias test (used to measure the repeatability of gyroscope bias in different space), scale factor stability, initial alignment, The action mechanism and effect result of the performance index such as navigation and positioning. The analysis shows that the misalignment angle of the input axis and its error will not only seriously affect the navigation accuracy, but also have a great impact on the other performance indexes of the high-precision fiber optic gyroscope. Finally, the paper studies the error suppression of misalignment angle and misalignment angle. In this paper, based on the existing techniques, a compensation method for the temperature error of misalignment angle is proposed. The physical meaning, method error and accurate modeling of the compensation method are deeply studied, and the validity and practicability of the compensation method are proved by experiments. However, the compensation method requires the angular velocity information of three orthogonal axes as the compensation input, so it is not suitable for single-axis fiber optic gyroscopes with independent application. In this paper, a method of compensating the misalignment angle of uniaxial gyroscope by tilting the tail fiber is proposed for the uniaxial rate gyroscope which is used independently. The feasibility of the compensation method is not only proved in the research process, but also the possible problems are analyzed in combination with the engineering practice. In view of the fact that there are still many technical problems to be considered in the realization of the compensation method, the theoretical derivation is only carried out in this paper. In this paper, it is shown that the research on the misalignment angle of gyroscope can not only effectively improve our understanding of the mechanism and error influence of the misalignment angle, but also effectively restrain the misalignment angle and its error of the gyroscope. Improve the application accuracy of high precision fiber optic gyroscope and inertial unit.
【学位授予单位】：中国航天科技集团公司第一研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN96

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