运动平台卫星跟踪演示系统设计与实现

发布时间：2018-10-19 13:11

【摘要】：卫星通信技术在近几年得到了突飞猛进地发展,已经涉及到人类生活的方方面面,特别是在精确制导、导航、定位等军事领域,发挥着不可替代的作用。在飞机、导弹、高速飞行器等高速运动物体与卫星通信时,经常会由于物体运动轨迹和姿态的变化使天线指向发生偏转,这就会导致通信不稳定甚至中断。因此,为了保证通信质量,研究使得天线可以自适应去对准卫星的技术成为一个关键问题,卫星跟踪技术正是为了解决这一问题。相控阵天线因其快速波束扫描的特点,在卫星跟踪技术中扮演着重要角色。此外,运动平台卫星跟踪系统是一个庞大而复杂的系统,其复杂性不仅体现在设计本身,其测试过程也是一个复杂而繁琐的过程,实验室环境下难以进行。基于这一考虑,本文设计并实现了运动平台卫星跟踪演示系统。主要研究运动平台卫星跟踪演示系统的架构设计及卫星跟踪中涉及的关键技术。本文首先介绍了相控阵卫星跟踪演示系统的整体方案,将系统划分成信号模拟器和基带数字信号处理两大部分,讲述了各个模块主要实现的功能及其流程图,并对两部分之间的接口技术和数据通信协议进行了介绍。然后,本文对信号模拟器设计方法进行了阐述。首先介绍了运动建模涉及到的坐标系问题,然后对运动物体进行运动建模,并采用上位机来完成,建模后结合相控阵原理和波束形成理论推导出了模拟接收信号表示形式和传输形式,最后给出了接收信号模拟器的硬件实现方法。随后,本文对自跟踪基带数字信号处理相关技术进行了研究。首先介绍了基带单元整体框架设计,然后结合项目实际技术指标对自跟踪关键技术涉及的信号预处理、搜索、比幅测角、比相测角和跟踪滤波等算法进行了理论推导和仿真,最后给出了各个算法在FPGA中的实现方法,并对硬件实现结果进行了测试。最后,本文对自跟踪基带数字板中的主要功能模块和自跟踪闭环系统进行了测试,其中测角精度小于0.6°,跟踪精度小于0.8°,满足系统要求,并成功演示了自跟踪过程。
[Abstract]:Satellite communication technology has been developed by leaps and bounds in recent years, which has been involved in all aspects of human life, especially in the military fields such as precision guidance, navigation, positioning and so on, which plays an irreplaceable role. When high-speed moving objects such as aircraft, missiles and high-speed aircraft communicate with satellites, the antenna points are often deflected due to the changes of the motion trajectory and attitude of the objects, which will lead to instability and even interruption of communication. Therefore, in order to ensure the communication quality, it is a key problem that the antenna can self-adaptively detarget the satellite. Satellite tracking technology is to solve this problem. Phased array antenna plays an important role in satellite tracking technology because of its characteristics of fast beam scanning. In addition, the mobile platform satellite tracking system is a large and complex system, its complexity is not only reflected in the design itself, its testing process is also a complex and cumbersome process, the laboratory environment is difficult to carry out. Based on this consideration, this paper designs and implements a motion platform satellite tracking demonstration system. This paper mainly studies the architecture design of satellite tracking demonstration system and the key technologies involved in satellite tracking. This paper first introduces the overall scheme of phased array satellite tracking and demonstration system, divides the system into two parts: signal simulator and baseband digital signal processing, and describes the main functions of each module and its flow chart. The interface technology and data communication protocol between the two parts are introduced. Then, the design method of signal simulator is described in this paper. Firstly, the coordinate system of motion modeling is introduced, then the motion modeling of moving object is carried out, and the upper computer is used to complete it. After modeling, combining the principle of phased array and the theory of beamforming, the representation and transmission form of analog received signal are deduced. Finally, the hardware implementation method of the simulator is given. Then, the self-tracking baseband digital signal processing technology is studied in this paper. This paper first introduces the whole frame design of baseband unit, and then combines with the actual technical index of the project, deduces and simulates the algorithms of signal preprocessing, searching, amplitude-specific angle measurement, phase measurement and tracking filtering, which are involved in the key technologies of self-tracking. Finally, the implementation of each algorithm in FPGA is given, and the hardware implementation results are tested. Finally, the main function modules and the self-tracking closed-loop system in the self-tracking baseband digital board are tested. The angle measurement accuracy is less than 0.6 掳, and the tracking accuracy is less than 0.8 掳, which meets the system requirements, and the self-tracking process is demonstrated successfully.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN927.2

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