窄波束水平扫描天线设计
发布时间：2018-11-03 18:12
【摘要】：在大多数探测雷达和防撞雷达系统中,为了能够迅速准确地捕获目标,都要求收发天线具备窄波束和抗干扰的性能。为了实现在水平面内的高分辨率扫描的功能,一般使用具有扇形波束的天线,其有很多种实现方式。本文的主要研究对象为采用抛物反射面的金属平板天线。在此类天线中,反射面形状为二维抛物线,其上下底板利用两块金属平板制成,金属平板的末端张开,进而实现垂直方向波束宽度的控制。喇叭馈源置于平板之间,对反射面进行照射,利用反射面的口径宽度产生水平方向上的窄波束。天线适用于机械扫描的系统。根据馈源的位置,论文主要内容分为以下部分:(1)正馈型抛物反射面天线的研究。当抛物面采用水平对称的配置时,将馈源放置在反射面的中轴线上,即构成了正馈抛物反射面天线。此天线是常规三维抛物面天线的平面版本,由仿真结果可知,其性能欠佳,主要原因是相对较大的馈源遮挡效应。(2)偏馈型天线和糖铲型天线的研究。当采用不对称的反射面和偏置的馈源设计时,由于馈源不处于反射区,能够极大地减少馈源的遮挡效应。将馈源和反射面结构整体连接闭合时,即构成了所谓的糖铲型天线。由仿真结果可知,采用偏馈设计虽然能够解决正馈设计时的遮挡问题,但结构的不对称性造成了水平面内辐射方向图的不对称。(3)双层正馈型天线的研究。提出了一种新型的双层正馈抛物反射面天线,其馈源与反射面置于不同的隔层,既保留了正馈型天线结构与方向图对称的优点,也解决了遮挡效应。通过全波仿真及优化设计,进行了实物加工,并进行测试。实验结果验证了设计的有效性。
[Abstract]:In most detection and collision prevention radar systems, in order to capture targets quickly and accurately, the antenna is required to have narrow beam and anti-jamming performance. In order to realize the function of high resolution scanning in horizontal plane, the antenna with sector beam is generally used, and there are many ways to realize it. The main research object of this paper is the metal plate antenna with parabolic reflector. In this kind of antenna, the reflector is a two-dimensional parabola, and its upper and lower plates are made of two metal plates, the ends of the metal plates are opened, and the vertical beam width is controlled. The horn feed is placed between the plates to illuminate the reflector, and the narrow beam in horizontal direction is generated by the aperture width of the reflector. The antenna is suitable for mechanical scanning system. According to the position of feed, the main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the research of parabolic reflector antenna with positive feed. When the parabola is disposed horizontally, the feed is placed on the central axis of the reflector, which forms a positive feedback parabolic reflector antenna. This antenna is a plane version of a conventional three-dimensional paraboloid antenna. The simulation results show that the performance of the antenna is poor, mainly due to the relatively large shielding effect of the feed source. (2) the research on the skewed feed antenna and the sugar type antenna. When the asymmetric reflector and the biased feed are designed, the shielding effect of the feed can be greatly reduced because the feed is not in the reflection region. When the feed and reflector structure are connected and closed, the so-called sugar shovel antenna is formed. From the simulation results, we can see that the skew feed design can solve the occlusion problem in the forward feed design, but the asymmetry of the structure results in the asymmetry of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane. (3) the research of the double-layer forward fed antenna. A new type of double-layer parabolic reflector antenna is proposed in which the feed and reflection surface are placed in different interlayers, which not only preserves the advantages of symmetry of the structure and pattern of the positive feed antenna, but also resolves the occlusion effect. Through the full wave simulation and optimization design, physical processing and testing. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the design.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN957.2
本文编号：2308561
[Abstract]:In most detection and collision prevention radar systems, in order to capture targets quickly and accurately, the antenna is required to have narrow beam and anti-jamming performance. In order to realize the function of high resolution scanning in horizontal plane, the antenna with sector beam is generally used, and there are many ways to realize it. The main research object of this paper is the metal plate antenna with parabolic reflector. In this kind of antenna, the reflector is a two-dimensional parabola, and its upper and lower plates are made of two metal plates, the ends of the metal plates are opened, and the vertical beam width is controlled. The horn feed is placed between the plates to illuminate the reflector, and the narrow beam in horizontal direction is generated by the aperture width of the reflector. The antenna is suitable for mechanical scanning system. According to the position of feed, the main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the research of parabolic reflector antenna with positive feed. When the parabola is disposed horizontally, the feed is placed on the central axis of the reflector, which forms a positive feedback parabolic reflector antenna. This antenna is a plane version of a conventional three-dimensional paraboloid antenna. The simulation results show that the performance of the antenna is poor, mainly due to the relatively large shielding effect of the feed source. (2) the research on the skewed feed antenna and the sugar type antenna. When the asymmetric reflector and the biased feed are designed, the shielding effect of the feed can be greatly reduced because the feed is not in the reflection region. When the feed and reflector structure are connected and closed, the so-called sugar shovel antenna is formed. From the simulation results, we can see that the skew feed design can solve the occlusion problem in the forward feed design, but the asymmetry of the structure results in the asymmetry of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane. (3) the research of the double-layer forward fed antenna. A new type of double-layer parabolic reflector antenna is proposed in which the feed and reflection surface are placed in different interlayers, which not only preserves the advantages of symmetry of the structure and pattern of the positive feed antenna, but also resolves the occlusion effect. Through the full wave simulation and optimization design, physical processing and testing. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the design.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN957.2
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