面向电网在线监测的WSN路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-12-13 00:56

【摘要】：能源互联网是实现能源可持续发展的必由之路,高度智能和互动开放是能源互联网的关键支撑和基本要求。无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)作为感知的“神经末梢”,能够实现电网相关状态参数的实时精确感知,可以应用于输电线路的监测、配电线路故障定位、变电站自动化等方面,有效提高电网的信息化和自动化程度。目前,传感器节点的能量供应方式主要有电池供电和外界能量采集两种,但是,由于传感器节点尺寸和成本的限制,其能量供应极其有限,因此,采用合理的能量优化路由协议最大限度地提高网络的生存周期具有重要意义。经典的层次路由协议有LEACH,HEED,EEUC等。它们都采用概率周期选取簇首来均衡每个节点的能耗,避免部分节点过早死亡,以此延长网络生存周期。其次,通过数据聚合来减少数据传输量,减少网络能耗,提高能量利用效率。但是,电网在线监测中,输电线路监测是其重要组成部分,由于输电线路结构上鲜明的特点,使WSN具有链状拓扑、网络数据聚合率低等特点,需要设计专用的路由协议。本文详细介绍了电网在线监测技术以及无线传感器网络技术的发展现状,提出了基于WSN的电网在线监测系统的架构体系,并着重讨论了输电线路在线监测中WSN的特点。根据其链状拓扑特点,通过增加sink节点数量将WSN划分为多个子网络,缩短普通节点数据传输距离。针对簇间通信过程中邻近sink的节点转发大量数据而产生的“能量热区”问题,提出一种基于同步变距离传输的能量全局平衡路由算法。仿真结果表明,本文算法可有效实现网络能耗均衡,提高网络生存周期,满足电网在线监测系统中WSN对数据传输的应用需求。
[Abstract]:Energy Internet is the only way to realize the sustainable development of energy, and highly intelligent and interactive opening is the key support and basic requirement of energy Internet. Wireless sensor network (Wireless Sensor Network,WSN), as a perceptual "nerve endings", can realize the real-time accurate perception of the relevant state parameters of the power grid, and can be applied to the monitoring of transmission lines and fault location of distribution lines. Substation automation and other aspects, effectively improve the information and automation of the power grid. At present, the energy supply modes of sensor nodes are mainly battery power supply and external energy acquisition. However, due to the limitation of sensor node size and cost, its energy supply is extremely limited. It is of great significance to maximize the lifetime of the network by adopting a reasonable energy optimized routing protocol. Classical hierarchical routing protocols include LEACH,HEED,EEUC and so on. They all use probabilistic cluster heads to equalize the energy consumption of each node and avoid premature death of some nodes, thus prolonging the network lifetime. Secondly, data aggregation is used to reduce the amount of data transmission, reduce network energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. However, transmission line monitoring is an important part of the on-line power network monitoring. Because of the distinct characteristics of transmission line structure, WSN has the characteristics of chain topology and low data aggregation rate, so it is necessary to design a special routing protocol. In this paper, the development of on-line monitoring technology and wireless sensor network technology are introduced in detail, the architecture of on-line monitoring system based on WSN is proposed, and the characteristics of WSN in on-line monitoring of transmission lines are discussed emphatically. By increasing the number of sink nodes, the WSN is divided into several subnetworks, which can shorten the data transmission distance of common nodes. In order to solve the problem of "energy hot zone" caused by the transmission of a large amount of data by nodes adjacent to sink in inter-cluster communication, an energy global balanced routing algorithm based on synchronous variable distance transmission is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively balance the energy consumption of the network, improve the network lifetime, and meet the application requirements of WSN for data transmission in the on-line monitoring system of power grid.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM76;TN929.5;TP212.9

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