微带平面透射阵天线研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 20:59

【摘要】：微带透射阵天线(Microstrip Transmitarray Antennas)由馈源和具有大量微带贴片单元的平面阵组成,具有反射阵天线和微带阵列天线的优点。透射阵列能够通过调节其表面上每个单元的相位将从馈源发射的准球面入射波转换成准平面波,并且准平面波将在指定方向上形成笔形射束。具有低剖面,强方向性,重量轻和易于制造等特点的微带透射阵天线在雷达系统、航空航天以及民用领域有广泛的应用,并且是天线研究领域的热门课题。本文对低剖面、宽带的微带透射阵天线和正交极化变换器进行了深入研究。本文提出了一款基于新型的多层堆叠结构单元的透射阵天线,分析并验证了初始相位、焦径比和馈源波束宽度等方面对透射阵天线的影响。同时创新性地提出了用一种微带平面缝隙天线代替标准喇叭增益天线作为透射阵天线的馈源,得出的实测结果与用标准增益喇叭作为馈源的实测结果进行了对比。测试结果表明,缝隙馈源透射阵天线的最高增益为25.1dBi,1dB增益带宽为7.3%,中心频率半功率波瓣宽度维持在5.8°以内;喇叭馈源透射阵天线的最高增益为28.4dBi,1dB增益带宽为7.4%,中心频率半功率波瓣宽度维持在5.1°,验证了两款透射阵天线的宽带和高增益特性。根据典型的相位补偿单元结构,本文以此为基础又提出了一款基于单层谐振结构单元的透射阵天线。然后用上述的微带平面缝隙天线和标准喇叭增益天线作为该透射阵天线的馈源,得出的实测结果表明两款透射阵天线与仿真结果分别吻合,性能良好。缝隙馈源透射阵天线的最高增益为25.82dBi,1dB增益带宽为6.8%,中心频率半功率波瓣宽度维持在5.4°以内;喇叭馈源透射阵天线的最高增益为27.45dBi,1dB增益带宽为9.5%,中心频率半功率波瓣宽度维持在5.2°。验证了两款透射阵天线的宽带和高增益特性。根据电磁波极化特性的原理,本文提出了一种基于多层十字形堆叠贴片单元结构的正交极化变换器。仿真和实测结果表明,该极化变换器在中心频率附近能很好地实现正交极化变换。
[Abstract]:The microstrip transmission array antenna (Microstrip Transmitarray Antennas) is composed of a feed source and a large number of planar arrays with a large number of microstrip patch elements, which has the advantages of a reflective array antenna and a microstrip array antenna. By adjusting the phase of each element on its surface, the transmission array can convert the incident wave from the quasi-spherical surface of the feed to a quasi-plane wave, and the quasi-plane wave will form a penoid beam in a specified direction. Microstrip transmission array antenna with low profile, strong directivity, light weight and easy to manufacture has been widely used in radar system, aerospace and civil fields, and is a hot topic in antenna research field. In this paper, the low profile, broadband microstrip transmission array antenna and orthogonal polarization converter are studied. In this paper, a transmission array antenna based on a new multilayer stacked structure is proposed. The effects of initial phase, focal diameter ratio and feed beam width on the transmission array antenna are analyzed and verified. At the same time, a novel microstrip planar slot antenna is proposed to replace the standard horn gain antenna as the feed of the transmission array antenna. The measured results are compared with the measured results using the standard gain horn as the feed source. The test results show that the maximum gain of the slot feed transmission array antenna is 25.1dBi1dB gain bandwidth is 7.3 and the width of the center frequency half-power lobe is within 5.8 掳. The maximum gain of the loudspeaker transmission antenna is 28.4dBi ~ (-1) dB gain bandwidth is 7.4, and the width of the center frequency half-power lobe is maintained at 5.1 掳. The broadband and high-gain characteristics of the two transmission array antennas are verified. Based on the typical phase compensation unit structure, a transmission array antenna based on single-layer resonant structure is proposed. Then the microstrip planar slot antenna and the standard horn gain antenna are used as the feeders of the transmission array antenna. The measured results show that the two transmission array antennas are in good agreement with the simulation results and the performance is good. The maximum gain of the slot feed transmission array antenna is 25.82 dBion 1 dB gain bandwidth is 6.8 and the center frequency half-power lobe width is within 5.4 掳. The maximum gain of the loudspeaker transmission antenna is 27.45dBian1dB gain bandwidth is 9.5, and the width of the center frequency half-power lobe is maintained at 5.2 掳. The wideband and high gain characteristics of two transmission array antennas are verified. According to the principle of electromagnetic wave polarization, this paper presents an orthogonal polarization converter based on multi-layer cross-stacked chip cell structure. The simulation and experimental results show that the polarization converter can realize orthogonal polarization transform well near the center frequency.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN822

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