频率与方向图可重构天线的设计与研制

发布时间：2019-02-16 21:58

【摘要】：随着电磁信息的复杂以及工作环境的多样化,各种无线通信系统对天线的要求也越来越严格。设计精良的天线就等同与好的能量转换器,对于电磁波的高效率发射与接收起着至关重要的作用。然而根据工作需求不同,则要求通信系统工作环境不同,这就要求拥有多功能的天线来代替单一性能的传统天线,以满足变化的工作环境。可重构天线具有频率、方向、极化方式的可变性,故而普遍应用于无线通讯系统中。本论文主要由理论分析到仿真,最后到实验验证为整体流程来完成。详细阐述了天线设计及其实验过程。在本文的第三章中,详细描述了一种金属地板上浅挖L型宽槽的频率可重构天线。通过在天线地板挖L型槽以及微带上的F型辐射片来使得天线的匹配最好,并且利用一个PIN二级管来控制电路通断状态,使天线实现两种相异的辐射状态。这两种状态所覆盖的频段分别是3.18-4.98 GHz, 4.88-5.88 GHz,包含了 WLAN,WiMAX中的大部分频带。本设计中仅用了一个开关二极管便实现了多个无线网与无线局域网所需求的频段,并且该天线的尺寸比较小(22.1×23.85 mm),这是该设计的一大优点。最后对天线进行实验验证,经过分析与仿真情形保持一致。本文的第四章描述的是一款既可以达到方向图可重构,也可以达到频率可重构的平面天线。从天线的布局、尺寸优化、反射S11曲线来叙述此天线的设计。在国内外的文献中可以获知,同一个天线可以通过简单调节来完两种可重构方式的组合,而且保持结构简单,是比较少的,因此,这也是本次设计的一大优势。该天线在中心频率0.87 GHz与0.94 GHz处发生了频率可重构,在0.94 GHz、1.14 GHz处发生了两种方向图的可重构,通过调节在3.3 GHz处实现了三种方向图的可重构。并且实现了 UHF频段与WiMAX频段的切换,而且实测结果与仿真结果相符合。高精度、高效率、低损耗、低频小型化等是天线发展的重点,未来可重构天线的发展也是任重而道远。
[Abstract]:With the complexity of electromagnetic information and the diversification of working environment, various wireless communication systems require more and more strict antenna. Well-designed antennas are equivalent to good energy converters and play a vital role in the efficient transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves. However, according to the different working requirements, the communication system working environment is different, which requires a multi-functional antenna to replace the single performance of the traditional antenna to meet the changing working environment. Reconfigurable antennas are widely used in wireless communication systems because of their variability in frequency, direction and polarization. This paper is mainly from theoretical analysis to simulation, and finally to the whole process of experimental verification. The antenna design and its experimental process are described in detail. In the third chapter, a frequency reconfigurable antenna is described in detail. By digging the L-shaped slot on the antenna floor and the F-shaped radiator on the microstrip to make the antenna match best, and using a PIN two-stage tube to control the on-off state of the circuit, the antenna can realize two different radiation states. The frequency bands covered by these two states are 3.18-4.98 GHz, 4.88-5.88 GHz, which contain most of the frequency bands in WLAN,WiMAX. In this design, only one switching diode is used to realize the frequency bands required by multiple wireless networks and wireless local area networks, and the size of the antenna is relatively small (22.1 脳 23.85 mm), which is one of the advantages of the design. Finally, the antenna is verified by experiments, and the results are consistent with the simulation results. In chapter 4, we describe a planar antenna which can be reconfigurable as well as frequency. The design of the antenna is described from the antenna layout, size optimization and reflection S 11 curve. It can be found in the literature at home and abroad that the combination of two reconfigurable modes can be completed by simple adjustment of the same antenna, and it is relatively few to keep the structure simple. Therefore, this is also a major advantage of this design. The antenna can be reconfigurable at the center frequency of 0.87 GHz and 0.94 GHz, and two patterns at 0.94 GHz,1.14 GHz. The reconfiguration of the three patterns is realized at 3.3 GHz by adjusting the frequency of the antenna. The switching between the UHF band and the WiMAX band is realized, and the measured results are in agreement with the simulation results. High precision, high efficiency, low loss and low frequency miniaturization are the key points of antenna development.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820

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