传统万能工具显微镜的数字化改造

发布时间：2018-10-18 18:10

【摘要】：工具显微镜又称工具制造用显微镜,是一种工具制造时所用高精度的二维坐标测量仪。工具显微镜的测量系统是将被测工件通过光路系统的折射清晰的成像在米字分划板上,由目镜进行瞄准定位,先后瞄准的两个同一坐标的被测位置读数值的差值即为工件的测量值。然而,传统的工具显微镜采用人工测量、手动调节、目视瞄准,测量过程比较繁琐,操作人员的劳动强度大,由此带来的人为误差较大,测量效率低下。随着自动化技术的不断发展和工业要求的不断提高,自动化测量技术将逐步取代传统的测量技术。本文在综述了国内外万能工具显微镜发展现状以及工件三维尺寸测量系统的基础上,就19JA型号的万能工具显微镜研究并改造,开发了一种万能工具显微镜自动测量装置。该系统主要由光栅位移检测系统、运动控制系统以及计算机测量软件组成。详细介绍了19JA万能工具显微镜Z轴立柱改造的机械结构,开发了基于Lab VIEW和单片机以及混合式步进电机驱动器的步进电机控制系统,并且对测量结果进行了大致的精度分析。主要研究工作如下:1、将立柱部分重新设计改造并加装光栅。2、在X、Y轴上加装光栅以及光栅数显表,实现进给量数字化控制。3、将手动控制进给改造成为通过步进电机控制进给,以实现自动化测量。利用自动控制技术对万能工具显微镜进行改造,具有测量速度快、测量精度高等优点,并为实现三维测量提供了平台。总的来说,改造后的测量装置是符合工业自动化发展方向的仪器。
[Abstract]:Tool microscope, also called tool manufacturing microscope, is a high-precision two-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument used in tool manufacture. The measuring system of the tool microscope is to imaged the workpiece under test through the optical path system with a clear refraction image on the meter mark plate, and the eyepiece is used to aim and locate the object. The difference of the reading value of the measured position of the two coordinates aimed successively is the measured value of the workpiece. However, the traditional tool microscope uses manual measurement, manual adjustment, visual aiming, the measurement process is more cumbersome, the labor intensity of the operator is large, resulting in a large human error and low measurement efficiency. With the continuous development of automation technology and the continuous improvement of industrial requirements, automatic measurement technology will gradually replace the traditional measurement technology. Based on the review of the development of universal tool microscope at home and abroad and the 3D dimension measuring system of workpiece, an automatic measuring device for universal tool microscope is developed based on the research and transformation of 19JA universal tool microscope. The system consists of grating displacement detection system, motion control system and computer software. The mechanical structure of 19JA universal tool microscope Z-axis column is introduced in detail. A step motor control system based on Lab VIEW, single chip microcomputer and hybrid stepping motor driver is developed, and the precision of the measurement results is analyzed. The main research work is as follows: 1. The column is redesigned and installed with grating. 2, and the grating and grating digital display table are added on the XY axis to realize the digital control of feed rate. 3. The manual control feed is transformed into the feed controlled by step motor. To realize automatic measurement. The transformation of universal tool microscope by using automatic control technology has the advantages of high measuring speed and high precision, and provides a platform for the realization of 3D measurement. In general, the modified measuring device is an instrument that conforms to the development direction of industrial automation.
【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH742

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