基于微惯性传感器的倾角测量系统研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 03:09

  本文关键词：基于微惯性传感器的倾角测量系统研究　出处：《中北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 微惯性传感器 倾角测量系统 误差机理分析 误差补偿技术

【摘要】：随着MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical System)技术的不断进步,微惯性传感器正以其高性能、高稳定性、低功耗、小体积等优势广泛应用于军事和民用领域中,在民用领域中的智能手机内部就集成有微惯性传感器,通过它们就能够实现手机屏幕感应旋转、人体运动检测及游戏的体感操控等功能;在军事上将微加速度计和微陀螺仪集成在一起组成微惯性测量单元(MIMU)可以测量炮弹的飞行姿态实现对敌精确打击。本文立足于实际工程需求,对基于微惯性传感器实现倾角测量的原理算法、误差机理及相应的误差补偿方法进行研究,同时设计一种小型化、智能化的倾角测量仪器,实现测量精度在宽角度、宽温度范围内的保持技术。首先,本文对MEMS技术、微惯性传感器、倾角测量仪的国内外发展现状及应用作简要概述,对倾角测量系统的组成、敏感测量机理、系统误差来源进行逐一的分析,提出了一种改进型双轴加计组合测量方案并完成系统相应的结构设计和硬件平台的搭建工作;再针对实现测量系统的智能化,在软件上使用多种方法实现多平台(自显示、PC机和移动智能终端)的交互技术,使用LABVIEW软件设计系统在PC端的动态交互软件,利用Android开发软件设计在移动智能终端的APP并预留自显示接口,有效提高了系统可操作性和便携性;然后,通过误差机理分析得到影响测量精度的主要因素,拟定出误差补偿的方案和具体实现的步骤,对系统安装误差、不同温度环境下微加速度计的标度因数、零点漂移进行补偿修正,并通过具体实验验证了所设计的补偿方案的有效性;最后,将所设计的倾角测量系统硬软件进行联调和性能测试验证,经测试实验表明,系统在±90°的测量范围内,测量精度能够达到±0.01°,同时在-20℃~60℃的温度范围内利用实时温度补偿技术,实现在全温范围内精度的保持。
[Abstract]:With the development of MEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical system, micro inertial sensors are being used for their high performance, high stability and low power consumption. Small volume and other advantages are widely used in the military and civil fields. In the civilian field, there are micro inertial sensors integrated in the smart phone, through which the mobile phone screen can be rotated. Functions such as human body motion detection and the manipulation of the body sense of the game; The micro inertial measurement unit (MIMUU), which integrates the micro accelerometer and the micro gyroscope in military, can measure the flying attitude of the projectile and achieve the accurate strike against the enemy. This paper is based on the actual engineering requirements. The principle algorithm, error mechanism and the corresponding error compensation method of the inclination measurement based on micro inertial sensor are studied. At the same time, a miniaturized and intelligent inclination angle measuring instrument is designed. To achieve the measurement accuracy in the wide angle, wide temperature range of holding technology. First, the MEMS technology, micro inertial sensor, inclination measuring instrument at home and abroad development status and applications are briefly summarized. The composition of the inclination measurement system, the sensitive measurement mechanism and the error source of the system are analyzed one by one. In this paper, an improved biaxial meter combination measurement scheme is proposed, and the corresponding structure design and hardware platform construction of the system are completed. In order to realize the intelligentization of the measurement system, the interactive technology of multi-platform (self-display PC and mobile intelligent terminal) is realized by many methods on the software. The LABVIEW software is used to design the dynamic interactive software of the system on the PC side, and the Android development software is used to design the APP of the mobile intelligent terminal and reserve the self-display interface. Effectively improve the system maneuverability and portability; Then, through the error mechanism analysis, the main factors affecting the measurement accuracy are obtained, and the scheme of error compensation and the concrete steps of realization are worked out. The system installation error and the scale factor of the micro-accelerometer under different temperature environment are also given. The compensation correction of 00:00 drift is carried out, and the effectiveness of the compensation scheme is verified by experiments. Finally, the hardware and software of the system are tested and verified. The test results show that the precision of the system can reach 卤0.01 掳in the range of 卤90 掳. At the same time, in the temperature range of -20 鈩，

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