电弧增材制造技术控制系统的研制

发布时间：2018-04-11 07:58

  本文选题：增材制造 + 控制系统　； 参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：电弧增材制造(Wire Arc Additive Manufacture,WA-AM)技术采用焊接电弧作为热源熔化金属丝材,按照设定的路径层层堆积熔敷金属直至零件最终成形。WA-AM具有材料利用率高、整体制造周期短、制造成本低、化学成分均匀、力学性能好、对零件尺寸限制少、适合零件修复等优点。目前,对WA-AM技术在成形工艺的可行性,成形零件的材料力学性能和微观组织上的研究比较集中,大部分电弧增材制造设备的研制也多停留在单热源、小型化的情况。本文以多热源大型增材制造设备为研究对象,以提高电弧增材过程中成形的稳定性、改善成形件表面质量和尺寸精度控制为目标,在现有电弧增材制造设备的基础之上结合WA-AM技术工艺要求,设计了一套包括现场设备PLC控制、上位机监控以及数据库管理的完整控制系统。首先设计了电弧增材制造设备总体控制方案,基于PLC和上位机按照FCS现场总线控制系统、DCS集散控制系统和工业以太网相结合的思想搭建了硬件通信网络;然后按照工艺要求设计了枪架跟踪系统、横梁自动移位系统以及传动支撑系统控制方案,通过下位机PLC编程并加以运用工业以太网和OPC技术为工艺监控层和管理层建立了软、硬件基础。最后在计算机上使用图形化编程语言Lab VIEW设计了一套完整的电弧增材制造设备中央控制系统软件。该控制系统软件包括管理员、工程师、数据记录员和操作员四个不同权限的操作界面,具备用户管理、数据库交互、电弧增材制造工艺过程的监测与控制等功能,从而保证整个电弧增材制造过程顺利进行,实现大尺寸金属管件一次性快速电弧增材制造过程的自动化。基于本文所研制的控制系统进行了模拟件成形实验,实验过程表明该控制系统实现了对现场各个子系统的分散控制和集中管理,具有较强的操作性和可靠性;实验数据分析结果表明本文所设计的控制方案较好的满足了电弧增材制造技术的工艺要求。
[Abstract]:Wire Arc Additive manufacture WA-AM) technology adopts welding arc as heat source to melt metal wire, stacking metal layer by layer according to the set path until final forming. WA-AM has high material utilization, short manufacturing period and low manufacturing cost.Uniform chemical composition, good mechanical properties, less restrictions on parts size, suitable for parts repair and so on.At present, the research on the feasibility of WA-AM technology in forming process, the mechanical properties and microstructure of forming parts is concentrated, and most of the development of arc material increasing equipment also stays in the condition of single heat source and miniaturization.In this paper, the object of this paper is to improve the stability of the forming process, improve the surface quality and dimensional precision control of the forming parts by taking the multi-heat source large-scale material increasing manufacturing equipment as the research object.A complete control system including field equipment PLC control host computer monitoring and database management is designed on the basis of the existing arc material increasing manufacturing equipment combined with the technical requirements of WA-AM.Firstly, the overall control scheme of arc material increasing equipment is designed, and the hardware communication network is built based on PLC and host computer according to the idea of FCS fieldbus control system, DCS distributed control system and industrial Ethernet.Then according to the process requirements, the control scheme of the gun frame tracking system, the beam automatic shift system and the transmission support system is designed. The software is established for the process monitoring layer and management layer by PLC programming and using industrial Ethernet and OPC technology.Hardware base.Finally, a complete set of central control system software for arc augmentation equipment is designed by using graphical programming language Lab VIEW on the computer.The control system software includes four operating interfaces with different authority, such as administrator, engineer, data recorder and operator. It has the functions of user management, database interaction, monitoring and control of arc material increasing manufacturing process, etc.Thus, the whole process of arc material increasing can be carried out smoothly, and the automation of large size metal pipe can be realized in the process of one-off rapid arc material increasing.Based on the control system developed in this paper, the simulation part forming experiment is carried out. The experimental process shows that the control system realizes decentralized control and centralized management of each subsystem in the field, and has strong operability and reliability.The results of experimental data analysis show that the control scheme designed in this paper can meet the requirements of arc material augmentation technology.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG444;TP273
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本文编号：1735107