设施蔬菜生产中的二氧化碳施肥器设计

发布时间：2018-04-29 14:30

本文选题：二氧化碳施肥器 + 生物质原料　；参考：《西安工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人们生活质量的提高,设施温室蔬菜在人们生活需求的蔬菜中占的比重越来越大,而影响设施温室蔬菜整体质量的关键就是二氧化碳气肥的供给。尤其是在秋冬季节由于温室长时间封闭,造成温室内二氧化碳的缺乏,对蔬菜的生长影响很大。目前温室内常用的二氧化碳施肥器,主要是采用化学反应法、燃烧法等。但考虑到成本较高,使用不方便,且在使用过程中容易对温室造成一些污染,因此设计一种自动化程度高、价格低廉、符合环境可持续发展的二氧化碳施肥器至关重要。通过对生物质原料发酵制取二氧化碳的研究,采用双腔移动式分层发酵的方法,进行了二氧化碳施肥器的整体设计,建立了装置模型,并根据装置的基本设计要求完成对物料箱、加水装置、加热装置、通风装置、空压装置等整机的设计、制造、调试。采用PLC与组态软件控制的方式,设计了二氧化碳施肥器的控制系统,完成了PLC及各传感器等电器元件的选型。软件采用自上而下的模块化设计方法,利用组态监控软件完成了智能二氧化碳施肥器控制系统(主界面)、历史曲线、报警状态、外界报表四个人机交互界面的编程及控制程序的编程；通过编程口的设置完成了组态软件与PLC之间的网络通讯,并调试成功,最终完成的二氧化碳施肥器可以进行手动控制和自动控制。本文还进行了如下试验：利用不同生物质原料的有机物含量及产气率的试验,确定生物质原料采用小麦秸秆与豆饼的组合；通过不同温度、碳氮比、含水量等环境条件下的产气速率比较,得出了最佳发酵条件、装置内的空气湿度和保持时间；通过装置内外温湿度的对比试验,完成了对整个施肥器的可靠性验证；通过日产气量的测定,得出该施肥器满足温室的使用要求。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's quality of life, greenhouse vegetables account for more and more of the vegetables that people need. The key to affect the overall quality of greenhouse vegetables is the supply of carbon dioxide gas fertilizer. Especially in the autumn and winter seasons, the greenhouse is closed for a long time, resulting in the lack of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse, which has a great impact on the growth of vegetables. At present, the commonly used carbon dioxide fertilizer in greenhouse is chemical reaction method, combustion method and so on. However, considering the high cost, inconvenient use and some pollution in greenhouse, it is very important to design a kind of carbon dioxide fertilizer with high automation, low price and accord with the sustainable development of environment. Based on the study of biomass feedstock fermentation to produce carbon dioxide, the whole design of carbon dioxide fertilizer was carried out by using the method of two-chamber mobile layered fermentation, and the device model was established. According to the basic design requirements of the device, the design, manufacture and debugging of the whole machine, such as the material box, the water adding device, the heating device, the ventilation device and the air pressure device, are completed. The control system of carbon dioxide fertilizer is designed by means of PLC and configuration software. The selection of electrical components such as PLC and sensors is completed. The software adopts the top-down modular design method, and uses the configuration monitoring software to complete the control system of the intelligent carbon dioxide fertilizer applicator (main interface, history curve, alarm state, etc.) The programming of the four man-machine interface and the control program of the external report forms, the network communication between the configuration software and the PLC is completed through the setting of the programming port, and the debugging is successful. The finished carbon dioxide fertilizer can be controlled manually and automatically. The following experiments were also carried out in this paper: the combination of wheat straw and soybean cake was determined by using the organic content and gas production rate of different biomass raw materials, and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen was determined by different temperatures. The optimum fermentation conditions, air humidity and retention time were obtained by comparing the gas production rate under the environmental conditions such as water content, and the reliability of the whole fertilizer was verified by the comparative test of temperature and humidity inside and outside the plant. Through the measurement of daily gas production, it is concluded that the fertilizer can meet the requirements of greenhouse.
【学位授予单位】：西安工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S224.2;TP273

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