基于MRAS的牵引电机无速度传感器矢量控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 20:32

本文选题：模型参考自适应系统 + 无速度传感器　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国国民经济的快速增长和人民生活水平的提高,对于铁路与城市轨道交通的需求也逐渐扩大。而电力牵引传动与控制系统作为机车车辆的核心部分,承担了为机车车辆提供牵引动力的职责,其控制性能好坏直接决定了机车能否正常运行。采用矢量控制的牵引传动系统,需要牵引电机的转速信息,为了解决速度传感器对牵引传动系统所造成的可靠性降低、维护困难、系统复杂度和成本增加等问题,近年来无速度传感器控制技术成为了研究热点。本文以某型号地铁车辆的牵引异步电机作为研究对象,对无速度传感器矢量控制技术进行了研究,具有一定的理论与工程意义。论文首先简要介绍了异步电机在不同坐标系下的数学模型,在此基础上介绍了间接转子磁场定向的矢量控制技术,采用矢量控制来满足牵引电机的转矩响应快、调速范围宽等控制性能需求。其次,在综合考虑了辨识转速的准确度、控制算法的计算量和稳定性等因素后,本文选择采用模型参考自适应系统(MRAS)对转速进行辨识。经过对传统的基于转子磁链的MRAS转速辨识法的分析研究,针对电压模型(参考模型)中纯积分环节所引起的直流偏置和误差积累问题,通过采用一阶低通滤波和补偿信号代替纯积分的方式改进电压模型。研究了基于定子电流的MRAS转速辨识法,避免MRAS中由参考模型的不准确所引起的误差。然后在Matlab/Simulink环境下,搭建了基于改进的转子磁链MRAS无速度传感器矢量控制模型和基于定子电流的MRAS无速度传感器矢量控制系统模型,并进行了仿真,同时分析了电机参数对系统的影响,对两种控制算法进行了比较分析,仿真结果验证了两种控制算法的正确性。最后,在SpaceR实时仿真器和TMS320F28335控制器的基础上搭建了硬件在回路半实物实验平台,基于实验平台完成了被控对象建模和控制程序的设计编写,在此实验平台上进行了相关实验,实验结果验证了本文设计的基于MRAS的无速度传感器矢量控制算法的正确性和可行性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of our national economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the demand for railway and urban rail transit is gradually expanded. As the core part of locomotive and rolling stock, electric traction drive and control system undertakes the responsibility of providing traction power for locomotive and rolling stock, and its control performance directly determines whether the locomotive can run normally. The speed information of the traction motor is needed in the traction drive system with vector control. In order to solve the problems such as the decrease of reliability caused by the speed sensor to the traction drive system, the difficulty of maintenance, the increase of system complexity and cost, etc. In recent years, speed sensorless control technology has become a research hotspot. Taking the traction asynchronous motor of a certain type of subway vehicle as the research object, the speed sensorless vector control technology is studied in this paper, which has certain theoretical and engineering significance. In this paper, the mathematical models of induction motor in different coordinate systems are introduced briefly, and then the vector control technology of indirect rotor flux orientation is introduced. Vector control is used to satisfy the fast torque response of traction motor. Wide range of speed control performance requirements. Secondly, after taking into account the accuracy of speed identification, the computational complexity and stability of the control algorithm, this paper chooses the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) to identify the rotational speed. Based on the analysis and research of the traditional rotor flux based MRAS speed identification method, the DC bias and error accumulation caused by the pure integral link in the voltage model (reference model) are studied. The voltage model is improved by using first order low pass filter and compensation signal instead of pure integral. The method of speed identification of MRAS based on stator current is studied to avoid the error caused by the inaccuracy of reference model in MRAS. Then the speed sensorless vector control model based on improved rotor flux MRAS and the MRAS speed sensorless vector control model based on stator current are built and simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. At the same time, the influence of motor parameters on the system is analyzed, and the two control algorithms are compared and analyzed. The simulation results verify the correctness of the two control algorithms. Finally, based on the SpaceR real-time simulator and TMS320F28335 controller, the hardware in-loop hardware-in-the-loop experimental platform is built. Based on the experimental platform, the modeling of the controlled object and the design of the control program are completed, and the related experiments are carried out on this experimental platform. The experimental results verify the correctness and feasibility of the speed sensorless vector control algorithm based on MRAS.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212;U264.1

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