基于恒定节点功率的无线传感器网络分簇技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 21:14

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 分簇路由协议　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：发射功率恒定的传感器节点凭借其简单的构造、低廉的价格被广泛应用在无线传感器网络中。目前,无线传感器网络路由协议的研究主要集中于分簇式路由协议,在这些协议中,通常假设传感器节点的发射功率是可调的且能够直接与基站进行通信,这就造成此类协议在基于恒定节点功率的无线传感器网络的应用中会导致“孤立簇首”的出现。最新的分簇算法采用中继技术,暂时解决了孤立簇首的问题,但是由于要转发大量的数据,中继节点会因为能量耗尽而更早死亡,最终导致孤岛和网络黑洞。针对当前主流分簇协议存在的“孤立簇首”的问题,本文对无线传感器网络中可靠的分簇路由协议进行了探索性研究,提出了一种新的基于恒定节点功率的无线传感器网络分簇算法,本文的研究工作主要包括以下几个方面:(1)对无线传感器网络的基本理论知识进行了深入研究。研究了无线传感器网络的体系结构、关键技术、主要特点以及面临的挑战,介绍了无线传感器网络的系统模型和拓扑结构、能量损耗模型、协议栈结构以及传感器节点的硬件结构。(2)研究了无线传感器网络路由协议,并重点研究了分簇路由算法。介绍了无线传感器网络路由协议的特点和设计要求,并对当今典型的无线传感网络路由协议的主要思想和执行过程进行了认真的分析和总结,包括平面路由和分簇路由,总结了它们的特点,分析了它们的优缺点,并指出了它们的适用情况。(3)分析了“孤立簇首”产生的原因,提出了一种新的基于恒定节点功率的无线传感器网络分簇算法(DCRP)。DCRP的主要思想是以基站为中心向外扩散式分簇,新的簇首总是产生于簇成员节点,从而保证了簇首之间的通信,避免了孤立簇首的产生。簇首的选择策略综合考虑了节点的剩余能量、深度和簇外邻居节点个数三个因子,提高了网络的能耗均衡性和能量高效性并且减少了网络中分簇的个数。因此,DCRP在延长了网络寿命的同时也缩短了网络的传输时延。(4)通过仿真对DCRP的性能进行评价。通过在MATLAB平台下进行仿真,验证了DCRP算法的可行性,并通过与DEBR和EEUC算法进行对比,验证了DCRP在能耗均衡性、能量高效性以及网络传输时延等方面的改善。仿真结果表明:DCRP算法能够避免孤立簇首的产生;与DEBR和EEUC相比,DCRP算法不仅使网络寿命分别延长大约60%和16%,而且缩短了网络的传输时延。
[Abstract]:Sensor nodes with constant transmission power are widely used in wireless sensor networks because of their simple structure and low price. At present, the research of wireless sensor network routing protocols is mainly focused on cluster routing protocols. In these protocols, it is generally assumed that the transmission power of sensor nodes is adjustable and can communicate directly with the base station. This leads to the emergence of "isolated cluster heads" in wireless sensor networks based on constant node power. The latest clustering algorithm uses relay technology to solve the problem of isolated cluster heads temporarily. However, due to forwarding a large amount of data, relay nodes will die earlier because of energy depletion, resulting in isolated islands and network black holes. Aiming at the problem of "isolated cluster head" existing in current mainstream clustering protocols, this paper makes an exploratory study on reliable clustering routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. A new clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks based on constant node power is proposed. The research work in this paper mainly includes the following aspects: 1) the basic theoretical knowledge of wireless sensor networks is deeply studied. The architecture, key technologies, main characteristics and challenges of wireless sensor networks are studied. The system model, topology and energy loss model of wireless sensor networks are introduced. Protocol stack structure and sensor node hardware structure. This paper introduces the characteristics and design requirements of wireless sensor network routing protocols, and makes a careful analysis and summary of the main ideas and execution processes of the typical wireless sensor network routing protocols, including plane routing and clustering routing. This paper summarizes their characteristics, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, and points out their application. A new clustering algorithm based on constant node power for wireless sensor networks (WSN) is proposed. The main idea of DCRPU. DCRP is that the base station is the center of the cluster, and the new cluster head is always generated from the cluster member node, thus ensuring the communication between the cluster heads. The isolated cluster head is avoided. The selection strategy of cluster head takes into account three factors: residual energy depth and the number of neighbors outside the cluster. It improves the energy balance and energy efficiency of the network and reduces the number of clusters in the network. Therefore, DCRP not only prolongs the network life, but also shortens the transmission delay. 4) the performance of DCRP is evaluated by simulation. The feasibility of DCRP algorithm is verified by simulation on MATLAB platform, and compared with DEBR and EEUC algorithm, the improvement of DCRP in energy balance, energy efficiency and network transmission delay is verified. Compared with DEBR and EEUC, the DCRP algorithm can not only prolong the network lifetime by about 60% and 16%, but also shorten the transmission delay.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

【参考文献】