基于微振动自取能技术的隧道环境信息采集与关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-20 07:32

本文选题：压电发电 + 无线传感网络(WSN)　；参考：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,经济的腾飞促进了我国的高速公路隧道建设,便利的交通提高了生活品质,但随着交通公路里程的快速增长,高速公路隧道的管理与检测也面临着严峻挑战。高速公路隧道数量增多,事故发生率也随之增高,为了解决该难题,必须对高速公路隧道进行实况检测,加强对高速公路隧道的管理。隧道环境信息主要有温度、湿度、照度、噪声、一氧化碳浓度、风速和烟雾浓度等,本文主要研究温湿度,由于基于微振动自取能技术,所以隧道环境信息还需要包括振动情况。随着集成电路、MEMS和传感器技术的发展,无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)在监控领域得到广泛应用,同时在高速隧道检测中的应用也随之增多。WSN中传感器节点能量来源主要依靠自身携带的电池,目前节点使用的电池主要为化学电池,化学电池存在很多缺陷,例如体积笨重、供能时间短需要定期对节点电池进行维护,后期维护成本高,最重要的是化学电池会对环境造成严重污染,对废旧电池的专业处理也会耗费大量资源。对于经常部署在对人体有害的恶劣环境和不易维护的场所中的监测网络来说,化学电池的缺陷更加明显。因而振动能量回收技术引起人们的广泛关注,其中获取电能有效的方式包括电磁式、压电式和静电式。特别是,压电发电由于结构简单、发电量相对较高、不发热等优点引起人们的极大研究兴趣。目前,压电发电技术在发电能力上已有很大改善,但在提高发电质量的方面还有改进空间。本文针对传统多层发电结构的局限性,基于压电发电相关知识建立悬臂梁式压电振子发电的数学模型,设计了多层悬臂梁和复合悬臂梁发电装置,并基于ANSYS Workbench 15.0有限元分析软件建立相应的有限元模型,通过对这两个装置的静力学、模态、谐响应、瞬态动力学、ACT压电分析,发现,复合悬臂梁结构的发电装置在保证发电量的前提下,由多层悬臂梁结构的共振点拓宽为一个共振频带。设计了一套基于压电自取能技术发电的隧道环境信息检测系统。运用LTC3588和LTC4071搭建能量收集和储存系统,克服了电池供电的缺陷,保障监测设备的可靠运行。运用由MSP430F149和MSP430G2553微控制器以及APC240无线传输模块搭建的监测系统,结合数据传输网络和计算机支持中心,利用低功耗监测装置对隧道环境信息进行科学的监测和管理。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of economy has promoted the construction of highway tunnels in China, and the convenient traffic has improved the quality of life. However, with the rapid growth of highway mileage, the management and detection of highway tunnels are also facing severe challenges. In order to solve the problem, it is necessary to carry out live inspection of highway tunnel and strengthen the management of highway tunnel. The environmental information of tunnel mainly includes temperature, humidity, illumination, noise, carbon monoxide concentration, wind speed and smoke concentration, etc. Therefore, the tunnel environment information also needs to include vibration. With the development of integrated circuit MEMS and sensor technology, Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) has been widely used in the field of monitoring. At the same time, the application in high-speed tunnel detection also increases. WSN sensor node energy source mainly depends on the battery carried by itself. At present, the battery used in the node is mainly chemical battery, chemical battery has many defects, such as bulky size. The short energy supply time needs to maintain the node battery periodically, and the later maintenance cost is high. The most important thing is that the chemical battery will cause serious pollution to the environment, and the professional treatment of the waste battery will also consume a lot of resources. For monitoring networks that are often deployed in hazardous environments and difficult to maintain, the defects of chemical batteries are even more pronounced. Therefore, vibration energy recovery technology has attracted wide attention, among which the effective ways of obtaining electric energy include electromagnetic, piezoelectric and electrostatic. In particular, piezoelectric power generation has attracted great interest because of its simple structure, relatively high power generation and no heating. At present, piezoelectric power generation technology has been greatly improved in power generation capacity, but there is room for improvement in power generation quality. Aiming at the limitation of traditional multi-layer power generation structure, the mathematical model of cantilever piezoelectric oscillator is established based on the knowledge of piezoelectric power generation, and the multi-layer cantilever beam and composite cantilever beam generator are designed. Based on ANSYS Workbench 15.0 finite element analysis software, the corresponding finite element model is established. By analyzing the static, modal, harmonic response and transient dynamics of the two devices, it is found that, The power generation device with composite cantilever beam structure is extended from the common vibration point of the multi-layer cantilever beam structure to a resonance frequency band on the premise of ensuring the power generation. A tunnel environmental information detection system based on piezoelectric energy generation technology is designed. LTC3588 and LTC4071 are used to build energy collection and storage system, which overcomes the defect of battery power supply and ensures the reliable operation of monitoring equipment. A monitoring system based on MSP430F149, MSP430G2553 microcontroller and APC240 wireless transmission module is used to scientifically monitor and manage tunnel environmental information by using low power consumption monitoring device, combining with data transmission network and computer support center.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP274.2

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