喀什经济开发区地下水资源评价和可持续利用

发布时间：2017-12-28 07:24

本文关键词：喀什经济开发区地下水资源评价和可持续利用　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：喀什经济开发区具有内陆干旱性气候的特征,年降雨量稀少,蒸发强烈,地下水量丰富,具有较大的开发潜力,但区内地下水的水量、水质空间分配不均匀。研究区西部地层中存在高硫酸盐类矿物质,水质指标中SO42-、硬度、矿化度严重超标等问题;研究区西南部冲洪积平原、东南部山前存在着优质地下淡水。本文以中国地质调查局“新疆喀什经济开发区地下水演化与生态效应研究”项目为依托,以水资源可持续利用为目标,以地下水动力学为指导,在分析全区“三水”转化关系并结合分析全区水文地质条件及区域构造的基础上,采用地下水流数值仿真模拟理论和方法,评价地下水可采资源量,并提出可行性的开采方案。主要获得以下认识和成果:(1)结合研究区内的钻孔资料、地质地貌及水文地质条件,分析得出区内地下水以第四系松散岩类孔隙水为主;研究区内部存在NW-SE方向的5条断裂、逆断层,造成区域地下水流场不连续;中部的库木塔格背斜造成克孜勒河研究亚区与盖孜-库山河研究亚区水力联系不紧密,以及含水岩组和矿化度差异较大等特征。(2)基于水均衡法,对喀什地区的地下水资源量进行评价,经计算得乌鲁阿特研究亚区多年平均条件下地下水补给量为3.34×104m3/a,排泄量为3.28×104m3/a,为正均衡状态;克孜勒河、盖孜-库山河研究亚区地下水补给量分别为5.22×104m3/a和8.47×104m3/a,排泄量分别为5.27×104m3/a和8.57×104m3/a,处于负均衡状态。乌鲁阿特研究亚区的补给项主要为地下水侧向补给,占到80.5%;侧向流出量、蒸发、泉水溢出量占到排泄项的98%;克孜勒河、盖孜-库山河研究亚区主要的补给项为渠系渗漏与田间灌溉,分别占补给项的70%和60%;克孜勒河、盖孜-库山河排泄项中,人工开采与蒸发占排泄项的73.7%和77.3%,这充分说明克孜勒河和盖孜-库山河研究亚区地下水形成和分布已受到强烈的人类活动影响。(3)依据地质和水文地质条件以及人类活动情况,建立了研究区水文地质概念模型和地下水流数值仿真模型。以Visual MODFLOW软件为平台,从降速场、梯度场和地下水均衡分析等三方面对数值模型进行了识别与验证,使建立的数值模型具有较高的仿真性和可靠性。(4)以地下水资源可持续利用与生态环境良性循环为前提,设计了三个预测方案进行地下水可持续利用研究。结果表明在盖孜河冲洪积扇现状开采10万m3/d的基础上,可增加乌鲁阿特河冲洪积扇30万m3/d与库山河冲洪积扇18万m3/d的地下水开采量,既能满足喀什经济开发区未来需水量的中长期规划,也能保持生态环境不被破坏,同时也不会造成咸水入侵。以上研究成果对喀什经济开发区地下水资源的合理开发利用及生态环境保护具有重要的指导作用。
[Abstract]:Kashi Economic Development Zone has the characteristics of the inland arid climate. The annual rainfall is scarce, the evaporation is strong, the underground water is abundant, and has great potential for development. However, the distribution of water and water quality is not uniform. There are high sulphate minerals in the western part of the study area, and the SO42-, hardness and salinity of the water quality indicators are much higher than those of the standard. There are high quality underground fresh water in the southwest part of the study area. In this paper China geological survey "of Xinjiang Kashi Economic Development Zone, groundwater evolution and ecological effects on" project, to the sustainable utilization of water resources, groundwater dynamics as a guide in the analysis of "water" and combining the analysis of the relationship between transformation of hydrogeological conditions and regional tectonics, the groundwater flow simulation theory and the method of numerical simulation and evaluation of groundwater resources, and puts forward the feasible scheme of mining. Mainly from the following achievements: (1) based on borehole data in the region, geological and hydrogeological conditions of groundwater in the Quaternary pore water in loose rock; 5 faults, NW-SE direction research area within the reverse fault caused by the groundwater flow field discontinuity region; library tower the central anticline caused by lattice qezel of sub region and Gez kushanhe research sub region hydraulic connection is not close, and large water bearing rock formation and mineralization of the difference between. (2) water balance method based on the evaluation of groundwater resources in Kashi area, the study calculated at Ulu groundwater recharge sub region average conditions is 3.34 * 104m3/a, 3.28 * 104m3/a excretion, positive equilibrium; the Gez River, groundwater recharge sub region kushanhe research were 5.22 * 104m3/a and 8.47 * 104m3/a excretion were 5.27 * 104m3/a and 8.57 * 104m3/a, is in negative balance. This study art sub region as the main recharge groundwater lateral recharge, accounted for 80.5%; the lateral outflow, evaporation, water overflow drainage accounted for 98%; qezel, Gez kushanhe of Asia major supply for canal seepage and irrigation, respectively, to fill the 70% and 60%; qezel, Gez kushanhe drainage, artificial exploitation and evaporation accounted for 73.7% and 77.3% of the drainage, which fully shows qezel and Gez kushanhe of sub region groundwater formation and distribution has been strongly influenced by human activities. (3) based on the geological and hydrogeological conditions and human activities, the hydrogeological conceptual model of the study area and the numerical simulation model of the groundwater flow are established. Based on Visual MODFLOW software, the numerical model is identified and verified from three aspects, such as velocity field, gradient field and groundwater balance analysis, which makes the established numerical model with high simulation and reliability. (4) based on the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources and the benign cycle of ecological environment, three prediction schemes have been designed to study the sustainable utilization of groundwater. The results show that the foundation status of 100 thousand m3/d in the mining of alluvial fan in gaizihe River on the river alluvial fan at Ulu can increase 300 thousand m3/d and 180 thousand m3/d kushanhe alluvial groundwater exploitation, which can meet the long-term planning of the future water demand of Kashi Economic Development Zone, also can maintain the ecological environment, but also will not caused by salt water intrusion. The above research results have an important guiding role in the rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources and the protection of the ecological environment in Kashi economic development zone.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P641.8

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