基于海洋资源价值评估的围填海管理方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 22:10

本文关键词：基于海洋资源价值评估的围填海管理方法研究　出处：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着沿海地区人口密度持续增大和海洋经济的快速发展，人地矛盾的问题日益突出。围填海是人类开发利用海岸带资源的重要方式，是增加沿海地区土地资源供给、支持临港工业发展、提高沿海地区城镇化水平的重要手段。然而，围填海造地在带来发展机遇的同时，也导致了海岸带生态环境被破坏，海洋生态系统服务价值下降等严重的生态问题。目前，我国的围填海管理仍处在探索阶段，尚不能完全解决围填海过程中的外部性问题，需要进一步完善管理方法，以实现围填海效益的最大化，保证海域资源可持续利用。海域有偿使用和海洋生态补偿都是解决围填海外部性的行之有效的经济手段，都可以实现围填海资源环境外部成本的内部化，从而提高海域使用者成本，优化海域资源配置；从管理层面上来说，海洋生态补偿是海域有偿使用的必要补充，两者的综合应用，可以使海洋资源的价值得到全面体现，改善海洋综合管理成效。因此，本文从海洋资源价值视角出发，同时对两种经济手段进行研究，在研究了围填海中使用的海域资源内容及其价值评估方法后，提出海域使用金的征收应当针对海域空间资源的占用，海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失的补偿应由海洋生态补偿金来实现，并对建立具体的管理制度提出了针对性的建议。首先，本文梳理了公共物品理论、外部性理论、海洋资源价值及其评估的理论和方法，为解决围填海外部不经济提供了理论依据。根据经济学理论，外部性的内部化是解决外部性问题，实现资源可持续利用的核心，而海洋资源价值的评估是实现外部性内部化的关键点。其次，本文第二章概况介绍了我国围填海的现状，回顾围填海的发展历程，指出围填海持续过热的驱动力，重点揭示了围填海造成的外部性，包括海洋资源衰退，海洋生态服务功能减弱，以及由于监管不力造成的资源低效利用等一系列的问题。第三章对我国现行的围填海造地管理制度进行了简要概括，包括海洋功能区划制度、海域权属管理制度、海域有偿使用制度、环境影响评价制度及海域使用论证制度。虽然我国已初步建立了较为完善的海域使用管理制度，但是现实中制度的执行情况并不理想，，也不能完全满足围填海管理的现实要求。第四章分析了围填海中占用的海洋资源内容，提出了将海洋资源价值主要分为海域空间资源价值和海洋生态系统价值的观点。之后，利用海洋资源价值估算方法，对围填海过程中海域空间资源及海洋生态系统服务价值损失分别进行了估算。第五章在前一章的基础上，更加关注现实中的围填海海域资源价格管理，指出应当重点完善海域有偿使用制度和海洋生态补偿制度，并分析了两者在实施中的关键点。期望可以通过两者的综合利用，科学、全面、合理地反映围填海中海洋资源的价值，实现围填海外部性的内部化，优化海域资源的配置。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of population density in coastal areas and the marine economy continues to increase, the contradiction between people and land have become increasingly prominent. Land reclamation is an important way for human development and utilization of coastal resources, is to increase the supply of land resources in the coastal area, to support the development of port industry, an important means to improve the level of urbanization in coastal areas. However, the reclamation in the bring development opportunities at the same time, also led to the coastal ecological environment destruction, ecological problems of marine ecosystem service value decreased seriously. At present, the reclamation management is still in the exploratory stage in China, is still not completely solve the externality issue on the process of reclamation, the need to further improve the management methods, to achieve the maximum the reclamation efficiency, ensure the sustainable utilization of marine resources.
The paid use of sea area and marine ecological compensation is to solve the reclamation of the Overseas Department of effective economic means, can realize the reclamation of resources and environment the internalization of external cost, so as to improve the waters of user cost, optimization of sea resources allocation; from the management level, the marine ecological compensation is a necessary complement to the paid use of sea area, comprehensive application of the two, can make the value of marine resources are fully reflected, improve the comprehensive marine management results. Therefore, this paper from the perspective of the value of marine resources, at the same time to study the two kinds of economic means, in the assessment of confining sea resources and its value in use of the method of reclamation, the sea use levy should be occupied in sea area resources, compensation shall be paid by the marine ecological compensation value of the loss of marine ecosystem service function to achieve, and to establish the specific The management system has put forward pertinent suggestions.
Firstly, this paper reviews the theory of public goods, externality theory, theory and method of value and evaluation of marine resources, provides a theoretical basis to solve the reclamation of external economy. According to economic theory, the internalization of externalities is to solve the external problem, realize the core of sustainable use of resources, and to assess the value of marine resources is achieve internal and external key point.
Secondly, in the second chapter of this paper introduces the current situation of China's reclamation, review the development process of the reclamation, pointed out that the driving force of sustained overheating Wai reclamation, reveals the focus of externality caused by reclamation, including marine resources recession, marine ecosystem service function, and the lack of supervision caused by the inefficient use of resources etc. a series of problems.
The third chapter of the reclamation management system for a brief summary of our current system, including the functional divisions of the sea, sea area property management system, the system of paid use of sea area, the environmental impact assessment system and sea use assessment system. Although China has initially established a relatively perfect sea use management system, but the implementation of the system in reality is not ideal, can not fully meet the practical requirements of reclamation management.
The fourth chapter analyzes the content of marine resources occupied around reclamation, the value of marine resources is mainly divided into the value of space resources in the waters and system of the marine ecological value view. After using method to estimate the value of marine resources, sea reclamation of space resources and marine ecosystem service value loss in the process were estimated.
In the fifth chapter, based on the previous chapter, pay more attention to the reclamation and management of marine resources price in reality, points out that we should focus on improving the system of sea area and marine ecological compensation system of compensation for the use and analysis of the two key points in the implementation of the comprehensive utilization of the two. Expected to pass by, scientific, comprehensive, reasonably reflect the Wai the reclamation in the value of marine resources, realize the reclamation of Overseas Department of internal optimization, the marine resource allocation.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P74

【参考文献】