新疆煤炭资源开发生态补偿模式研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 02:20

本文关键词：新疆煤炭资源开发生态补偿模式研究　出处：《新疆大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：全国各地区、各领域迎来了生态补偿的新一轮浪潮，但煤炭资源开发生态补偿研究仅仅停留在理论阐释和政府补偿等初级阶段。生态补偿标准的制定，生态补偿模式研究，生态补偿相关利益的分配以及生态补偿机制的有效性研究等，仍然是生态补偿全面推广过程中的关键环节。若是这些节点不能有效梳理、关键环节不能有所突破，势必会影响生态补偿机制在煤炭资源开发中的应用。新疆作为国家煤炭资源的高度富集区和国家能源重化工基地，在其煤炭资源的开发过程中，面临着开发与生态保护之间的突出矛盾。生态环境脆弱，全区92%的面积属于戈壁、荒漠，绿洲占比仅为8%，煤炭矿山开发造成地表变形，诱发地面塌陷、土地沙漠化加深、大气和水污染等生态环境的破坏。矿山开发活动对地表环境造成直接破坏，不可避免的出现地表变形，导致地下采空引起地面塌陷、山体滑坡、地表裂缝、泥石流等地质灾害，这一系列问题势必会造成土地沙化的加剧，同时使得土地荒漠化、草原退化、盐碱化程度加深。针对新疆资源丰富、生态环境脆弱、生态功能重要的特点，迫切需要国家和地区加快建立生态补偿机制，对重点矿区和资源输出地区进行补偿。本文对新疆煤炭资源开发生态补偿模式进行研究，旨在通过分析，为新疆煤炭资源开发的生态补偿模式的构建提供参考依据，为解决煤炭资源开发与生态保护的矛盾寻求可行的途径，确保地区经济与生态安全。本文第二章，根据生态补偿模式划分的理论依据出发，并对常见的生态补偿模式按照不同的标准进行分类划分。第三章从不同角度对政府补偿模式和市场补偿模式的进行详细研究，以期为下面章节做理论分析基础。第四章是本文的核心章节之一，该章节通过对“政府”和“市场”两种模式进行比较后，，引入“两化一率”指标，采用AHP法对新疆生态补偿模式的设计标准进行权重赋值，建立新疆煤炭资源开发“混——动”生态补偿模式体系。第五章是文章的重要核心部分，结合上文的分析，构建出多种新疆煤炭资源开发生态补偿有效模式，并从整体上提出保障这些模式正常运行的政策建议。通过本文研究，期望对新疆煤炭资源开发生态补偿模式的实施提供参考性建议，并有助于煤炭资源开发生态补偿机制在新疆取得可参照性、可操作性进展。
[Abstract]:All regions of the country in various fields, ushered in a new wave of ecological compensation, but the study on ecological compensation for coal resources development only in theory and government compensation. The primary stage of the development of ecological compensation standard, study on ecological compensation model, research on the effectiveness of the distribution of ecological compensation benefits and ecological compensation mechanism, still comprehensive promotion of ecological compensation is the key in the process. If these nodes can not be effectively combing, breakthrough key point, application is bound to influence the ecological compensation mechanism in coal resources development.
Xinjiang is a high level of national coal resource rich region and the national energy and heavy chemical industry base in the exploitation process of coal resources, facing the contradictions between the development and ecological protection. The ecological environment is fragile, the 92% area belongs to the Gobi desert, oasis, accounted for only 8%, the coal mine development caused by surface deformation induced. Ground subsidence, land desertification deepened, air and water pollution and other environmental damage.
Mining activities cause direct damage to the surface environment, inevitably lead to surface deformation, underground goaf caused by ground subsidence, landslides, ground fissures, geological disasters such as landslides, which will cause a series of problems of land desertification, the land desertification, grassland degradation, salinization degree is deeper.
The Xinjiang is rich in resources, a fragile ecological environment, the characteristics of important ecological functions, the urgent need to accelerate the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism of countries and regions, to compensate for the key mining area and resource output area. This paper focuses on the research of ecological compensation in Xinjiang coal resources development model, through analysis, provide a reference for the establishment of ecological compensation mode of development of coal resources in Xinjiang the search for viable approach to resolve the conflict of coal resources development and ecological protection, to ensure regional economic and ecological safety.
In the second chapter, on the basis of theoretical basis for dividing ecological compensation mode, and the common ecological compensation mode according to different standards of classification. The third chapter from different angles of government compensation and market compensation mode mode were studied in detail. In order to do theoretical analysis for the following chapters. The fourth chapter is one of the core chapters in this paper, this chapter compares the "government" and "market" two modes after the introduction of "two a rate" indicators, weights assigned by AHP method in Xinjiang ecological compensation design standards, establish the development of coal resources in Xinjiang "mixed -" model of ecological compensation system. The fifth chapter is the core part of the article, based on the above analysis, to build an effective compensation mode of the development of coal resources in Xinjiang ecological variety, and proposes to ensure the normal operation of the policy of these models on the whole Suggestion.
Through this study, we hope to provide some reference suggestions for the implementation of the ecological compensation mode of Xinjiang's coal resources development, and help the coal resources development eco compensation mechanism in Xinjiang to achieve referable and operational progress.

【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X24;F426.21

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