南四湖水生生物资源现状及河蟹养殖模式优化

发布时间：2018-01-11 20:29

本文关键词：南四湖水生生物资源现状及河蟹养殖模式优化　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：河蟹学名中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis H.Miln-Eswards),属甲壳纲(Crustacea),十足目(Decapoda),爬行亚目(Raptantia),方蟹科(Grapsidae),绒螯蟹属(Eriocheir)。味道鲜美,营养丰富,是我国特有的水生经济水产,在南四湖也是主要的水产养殖对象。南四湖是山东省最大的淡水湖,河蟹养殖规模巨大,但其作为南水北调东线的主要调蓄枢纽,水质要求较高,加之人们对无公害河蟹的需求量日趋增高,南四湖河蟹养殖也面临巨大的挑战,这也为南四湖河蟹养殖模式的转型创造了新的机遇。本研究首先对南四湖水生生物资源现状进行调查,摸清水生生物资源现状;同时通过对比南四湖河蟹围网养殖区及非养殖区底栖动物的群落结构,分析南四湖河蟹围网养殖对底栖动物的影响;最后通过两年的河蟹套养鳜鱼实验,提出新的河蟹优化养殖办法。1.南四湖水生生物资源调查现状通过对南四湖目前实际的水域分布和渔业功能区划分情况对其展开水生生物资源调查,设置48个调查站位。共采集大型底栖动物70种,其中寡毛类5种,腹足纲20种,瓣鳃纲11种,水生昆虫28种,其他动物6种。底栖动物多样性指数、种类丰富度指数分别为1.051和0.909,密度和生物量为756 ind/m2和97.88 g/m2。共采集水生植物53种,隶属于27科37属,菹草、光叶眼子菜、儠菜、菱、篦齿眼子菜、穗状狐尾藻为南四湖植物群落的主要优势种,全湖四季共有16个优势群丛。2.河蟹围网养殖对南四湖底栖动物的影响对南四湖微山岛附近河蟹围网养殖区和非养殖区进行野外实际调查,分析河蟹围网养殖对底栖动物群落结构的影响以及水生生物的自然恢复能力。结果表明,河蟹养殖区大型底栖动物的多样性和现存量明显下降,优势种和功能摄食类群趋于单一,非养殖区底栖动物种类高于养殖区,特别是软体动物,非养殖区有11种,优势种为7种,而养殖区只有纹沼螺这一种类。在4-12月份养殖区和非养殖区底栖动物的现存量都有所增加,说明示范区底栖动物有实现种群恢复的能力,但养殖区增加不显著,说明在河蟹捕食压力下底栖动物难以实现种群恢复。3.南四湖河蟹围网套养鳜鱼实验为了解决河蟹养殖过程中饵料过剩以及充分利用野杂鱼资源,在河蟹围网养殖区进行了河蟹围网中套养鳜鱼实验。两年的实验结果表明,在河蟹围网中套养密度为3尾/亩的鳜鱼,不仅不对河蟹养殖造成影响,还会对其有益,可以获得较高的收益。
[Abstract]:Name of crab Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir sinensis H.Miln-Eswards), which belongs to Crustacea, Decapoda (Crustacea) (Decapoda), Reptantia (Raptantia), Grapsidae (Grapsidae), Eriocheir sinensis (Eriocheir). Delicious taste and rich nutrition, is China's unique economic aquatic fishery in Nansi Lake is. The main aquaculture object. Nansi Lake is the biggest freshwater lake in Shandong Province, crab breeding scale, but its storage as the main hub of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, high quality requirements, and people demand for pollution-free crab increased, Nansi Lake crab farming is also facing enormous challenges, it also creates new opportunities for the transformation of Nansi Lake crab breeding mode. This study first investigated the current situation of the biological resources of aquatic biological resources in Nansi Lake, touch the water situation; at the same time through the crab breeding area in the four lake Seine and non farming areas The community structure of benthic animal, analysis of the impact of aquatic breeding on benthic animal in Nansi Lake crab; finally through a two-year experimental fish crab crab breeding, put forward a new optimization measures for the investigation of.1. in Nansi Lake aquatic resources situation through the actual distribution of Nansi Lake waters and Fisheries of the function division of aquatic resources survey, set up 48 survey stations were collected. The benthic animal 70 species, including 5 species of Oligochaeta, 20 species of Gastropoda, Lamellibranchia 11 kinds, 28 kinds of aquatic insects and other animal species. 6 benthic animal diversity index, species richness index were 1.051 and 0.909, the density and biomass of 756 and ind/m2 97.88 g/m2. were collected in 53 kinds of aquatic plants, belonging to 27 families and 37 genera, Potamogeton crispus, light leaf pondweed, Lie dish, Mitsubishi, Potamogeton pectinatus, m.spicatum was the dominant species of plant communities in the lake of Nansi Lake, four seasons There are 16 advantages of cluster effect.2. crab enclosure aquaculture on Nansi Lake were investigated in the field of benthic animal of crab fence breeding area near the island of Weishan in Nansi Lake and non breeding areas of aquatic breeding on benthic animal crab community structure and aquatic natural resilience analysis. The results show that the diversity and biomass farming area the crab benthic animal was significantly decreased, the dominant species and functional feeding groups tend to a single species of benthic animal breeding, non breeding area is higher than the area, especially the soft animal, non breeding area of 11 species, 7 dominant species, and breeding areas only parafossarulus striatulus. This species has increased in the existing 4-12 month farming areas and non farming areas of benthic animal, that has the ability to achieve the demonstration area of benthic animal population recovery, but the breeding area did not significantly increase, indicating the crab predation pressure of benthic animals under difficult .3. implementation of population recovery in Nansi Lake crab breeding fish Seine during crab culture experiment in order to solve the food surplus and make full use of wild fish resources, a crab fish purse net experiment was carried out in the area. Two aquatic breeding crab. The experimental results show that in the Seine in crab breeding density was 3 ind / mu of fish, not only wrong crab culture impact, but also to the good, can obtain higher returns.

【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S966.16;S932

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