长江上游江津江段鱼类群落结构及资源利用

发布时间：2018-01-14 23:12

本文关键词：长江上游江津江段鱼类群落结构及资源利用　出处：《安徽大学学报(自然科学版)》2014年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为了了解长江上游鱼类群落结构和资源利用现状,为物种和资源保护提供依据,对长江上游江津江段的渔业资源进行调查,对该江段的鱼类种类组成、优势种、渔业捕捞规格和单位捕捞努力量渔获量等进行分析.在长江上游江津江段共采集鱼类54种,隶属于3目9科35属,鲤形目和鲇形目鱼类占主体,约占总种数的96.3%;其中,长江上游特有鱼类共15种,占鱼类总种数的27.8%.渔获物分析表明,各渔具年度间渔获物组成差异不显著,圆口铜鱼、铜鱼、圆筒吻錇、长鳍吻錇、瓦氏黄颡鱼、中华沙鳅和福建纹胸錈等种类为优势种;大部分捕捞个体体重小于150 g,体长小于200 mm.该江段流刺网、小钩和百袋网的单位捕捞努力量渔获量分别为3.60~9.45、1.33~4.32、2.55~7.80 kg/船/日.与历史资料相比,长江上游江津江段渔业资源已严重衰退,许多珍稀特有鱼类种群数量不多,渔业捕捞规格小型化趋势严重,单位捕捞努力量渔获量下降.该江段渔业资源处于过度利用状态,建议采取休渔和渔民转产转业等措施,加强物种和资源保护.
[Abstract]:In order to understand the fish community structure and resource utilization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and to provide the basis for species and resource protection, the fishery resources of Jiang Jin section in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were investigated, and the species composition and dominant species of fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were investigated. In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, 54 species of fish were collected, belonging to 3 orders, 9 families and 35 genera. About 96. 3% of the total number of species; Among them, there are 15 species of fish endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, accounting for 27.8. the catch analysis shows that there is no significant difference in the composition of catches among the fishing gear. The dominant species were berkelium, Pelteobagrus villosa, Astragalus sinensis and Fujian warp revolution. Most of the individuals were less than 150g in weight and less than 200mm. the catch per unit effort of Gill net, small hook and hundred bag net in this section of the river was 3.60 ~ 9.45 respectively. Compared with the historical data, the fishery resources of Jiang Jin section in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River have declined seriously, and the number of many rare and endemic fish populations is not large. The trend of miniaturization of fishing specifications is serious and the catch per unit fishing effort is decreasing. The fishery resources in this section of the river are in a state of overutilization. It is suggested to take measures such as closing fishing and transferring fishermen to other industries to strengthen the protection of species and resources.
【作者单位】：江汉大学生命科学学院;中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51109091,51310105036) 湖北省教育厅科学技术研究基金资助项目(B2013150)
【分类号】：S932.4
【正文快照】： 长江上游具有特殊的地质、地貌、气候和自然生态环境,孕育了丰富多样的水生生物,该江段分布有鱼类261种,其中特有鱼类112种,在长江流域生物多样性保护中占有重要地位[1].随着人类活动的加剧,长江上游鱼类资源面临着巨大威胁,过度捕捞、水利工程建设等对长江上游鱼类带来了显著

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