中国硼资源及硼泥资源化综合利用前景

发布时间：2018-02-28 19:01

本文关键词： 硼资源矿床开采硼泥环境效应综合利用　出处：《地学前缘》2014年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：硼是用途广泛的重要非金属元素,中国已探明硼资源总储量为4 908万t,其中90%以上集中分布于辽宁、吉林、青海和西藏4个省区,矿床类型以沉积变质型和现代盐湖沉积型为主。几十年来,硼资源被过度无序开采,使得以硼镁矿为代表的易开采型硼富矿现已濒临枯竭,由此,加强对硼铁矿、现代盐湖和地下卤水型硼资源的进一步开发利用十分必要。目前,硼资源主要是通过制成硼砂和硼酸加以利用,在采用碳碱法制备硼砂和采用硫酸一步分解法、硼砂二步法制备硼酸的过程中,会产生大量的硼泥废弃物,这些废弃物易造成严重的环境污染,制约硼工业的发展。如果硼泥能够得到充分利用,既能解决硼资源的进一步开发利用的难题,也能缓解环境压力。因此,提出了硼泥在建材、环境材料、冶金及有价成分回收等领域资源化利用的绿色途径,并以提高硼的利用价值和降低环境污染为目的,对硼资源合理开发、硼泥综合利用和高新含硼材料发展进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Boron is an important nonmetallic element with a wide range of applications. The total proven reserves of boron resources in China are 49.08 million t, of which more than 90% are concentrated in Liaoning, Jilin, Qinghai and Tibet provinces and regions. The deposit type is mainly sedimentary metamorphic type and modern salt lake sedimentary type. In recent decades, boron resources have been over-disorderly exploited, which makes the ore-rich boron deposits, which are represented by boromagnesite, are now on the verge of exhaustion. It is necessary to further develop and utilize boron resources in modern salt lakes and underground brines. At present, boron resources are mainly used by making borax and boric acid, preparing borax by carbon-alkali method and using one step decomposition method of sulfuric acid. In the process of preparing boric acid by borax two-step method, a large amount of boron sludge waste will be produced, which will easily cause serious environmental pollution and restrict the development of boron industry. It can not only solve the problem of further exploitation and utilization of boron resources, but also relieve the environmental pressure. Therefore, the green ways of utilizing boron mud in the fields of building materials, environmental materials, metallurgy and valuable component recovery are put forward. In order to improve the value of boron utilization and reduce environmental pollution, the rational exploitation of boron resources, the comprehensive utilization of boron mud and the development of new materials containing boron are prospected.
【作者单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院;
【分类号】：TD985

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