雅砻江支流安宁河鱼类群落组成及资源现状

发布时间：2018-03-07 20:45

  本文选题：鱼类资源　切入点：安宁河　出处：《水生态学杂志》2016年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为了解安宁河鱼类资源现状,于2013年3月至2014年12月对安宁河及其支流18个采样点进行了5次调查,共计采集鱼类3 113尾,隶属4目、10科、35属、52种,其中长江上游特有鱼类13种;鱼类区系包括中国平原、南方平原、南方山地、中亚山地、北方平原和晚第三纪早期6个区系复合体;其中,中亚山地区系复合体占优(40.4%)。安宁河不同河段Jaccard's相似性指数在0.12~0.47,鱼类群落相似性总体较低。根据IRI(100为优势种)指数计算结果,麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)、红尾副鳅(Paracobitis variegatus)、西昌高原鳅(Triplophysa xichangensis)、斯氏高原鳅(Triplophysa stoliczkae)、东方高原鳅(Triplophysa orientalis)、鲇(Silurus asotus)和白缘鱼央(Liobagrus marginatus)8种鱼类为安宁河优势种。根据个体生物学测量,安宁河主要渔获对象规格较小,齐口裂腹鱼均重285.8 g/尾,红尾副鳅均重7.2 g/尾,鲫(Carassius auratus)均重78.3 g/尾,鲤(Cyprinus carpio)均重361.1 g/尾,鲇均重93.7 g/尾,表明可能存在过度捕捞现象。多样性分析显示,Margalef丰富度指数(R)在1.95~4.47,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)在1.75~2.33,Pielou均匀度指数(E)在0.67~0.73。安宁河鱼类多样性相比同区域其它河流偏低,可能与安宁河鱼类群落受到各种干扰、生境异质性降低、鱼类群落已发生演替有关。对比历史资料,鱼类种类数从82种下降至52种,在不同区域的各分类阶元均有所减少,且有自上而下加重的趋势。水电开发、河道采砂以及资源不合理利用等是影响安宁河鱼类资源的主要因素。基于研究结果,建议尽快加强安宁河鱼类资源保护。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the status of fishery resources in Ninghe, from March 2013 to December 2014 of the Anning River and its tributaries 18 sampling points were the 5 survey, a total of 3113 fish tail collection, belonging to 4 orders, 10 families, 35 genera, 52 species, including 13 Endemic Fishes of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River; fish fauna including China Plain, southern plains south mountain, mountain, Central Asia, Northern Plains in late third century and early 6 floristic complex; the complex system of Central Asia dominant mountain area (40.4%). The different sections of the Anning River Jaccard's similarity index in 0.12~0.47, the fish community similarity is low. According to IRI (100 species) index calculation results, wheat fish (Pseudorasbora parva), Schizothorax prenanti (Schizothorax prenanti), Paracobitis variegatus (Paracobitis variegatus), Xichang (Triplophysa xichangensis), Triplophysa Triplophysa stoliczkae (Triplophysa stoliczkae), Oriental loach (Triplophysa Oriental Is (Silurus), asotus) and catfish liobagrus marginatus (Liobagrus marginatus) 8 kinds of fish as the dominant species in Anning River. According to the individual biological measurement, the main target of Anning River was the object of small size, Schizothorax prenanti was 285.8 g/ tail, Paracobitis variegatus were 7.2 crucian carp (Carassius g/ tail. Auratus 78.3 g/) were heavy tail, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were 361.1 g/, 93.7 g/ catfish were heavy tail, suggesting the existence of overfishing. Diversity analysis showed that the Margalef richness index (R) in 1.95~4.47, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) in 1.75~ 2.33, Pielou evenness index (E the same area was lower than other rivers) in 0.67~0.73. peaceful fish diversity, and peaceful fish communities subjected to various disturbances, habitat heterogeneity decreased, fish communities have been changed. Compared with the historical data, the species number decreased from 82 to 52, in the order of classification in different regions Yuan decrease, and there is a top-down increasing trend. The development of hydropower, river sand and irrational utilization of resources are the main factors influencing the Peace River fish resources. Based on the research results, suggestions to strengthen peace fish resources protection as soon as possible.

【作者单位】： 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所农业部长江中上游渔业生态环境监测中心;雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司;
【基金】：雅砻江保护及特有鱼类生活史、繁殖生物学研究(雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司项目JPIA-G201224)
【分类号】：S932.4
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本文编号：1580885