黑龙江省友谊农场地下水资源评价与可持续利用建议

发布时间：2018-03-09 15:02

本文选题：友谊农场　切入点：地下水资源评价　出处：《东北农业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：鉴于友谊农场地下水开发利用中存在着诸多不合理因素,导致了灌区地下水水位呈区域性下降的形势。国内外针对地下水动态趋势、降落漏斗向纵深发展等诸多问题的相关研究均说明水环境问题正在日益明显。在参阅了大量相关的国内外文献资料之后,在系统分析研究区的自然地理、地形地貌、地质特点、气候水文状以及水文地质条件等诸多因素的基础上,分析研究区水资源情况。(1)在搜集、分析自然地理和地质地貌背景资料的基础上,全面的了解友谊农场的存在环境水文地质问题及地下水的开发利用现状的情况,得到研究区的地质构架,为全面进行地下水资源的评价奠定了基础,对友谊农场地下水资源的开发利用现状,及机电井的建设情况进行综合分析,并且详尽的讨论了地下水超采的原因及其带来的严重后果。(2)农业灌溉区水资源管理的一项重要依据是该区地下水动态变化规律。研究友谊农场灌溉区地下水水位变化特征,利用实测地下水数据(1992-2011),采用Mann-Kendall分析方法研究地下水埋深序列的趋势突变点,结合水稻面积增长数据进行对比分析,找出地下水动态趋势突变与灌溉面积的响应关系。同时运用标准化降水指数(SPI)方法来分析研究地下水动态趋势变化与降水之间的响应关系。结果表明:受季节性灌溉、人为开采等多种因素的影响,地下水下降趋势具有明显的突变特征且呈现周期性,趋势突变时间在2001-2002、2006-2007年间;地下水水位下降趋势变化受水稻种植与降水影响,主要受水稻种植面积增长的控制。(3)在地下水资源开发利用规划,以2010年为基准年,通过预测2020及2030规划年的供需量,从供需两方面入手,在把握需水量与供水量的基础上,研究水资源是否具有保障能力,能否支撑经济社会的可持续发展。再以井灌农业区为典型区,利用水量平衡原理、统计降尺度和概率统计等研究方法,分析计算现状条件下粮食作物需水量及地下水可开采量,并建立了粮食生产地下水保障程度指标体系。对友谊农场的粮食生产地下水保障程度进行了分析评价结果为提出缓解水资源短缺提出控制水稻面积、通过节水灌溉技术减少灌溉定额和开发地表水等有效措施阐明理论依据。显示友谊农场的农业灌溉具有较大的节水空间节水灌溉及大力开发引用地表水工程,可以在保证研究区供水需求的前提上显著改善区域地下水环境,缓解地下水降落的趋势及产生的后果。(4)在对友谊农场的地下水资源量的研究中,主要是确定地下水资源量、可开采量。针对不同的计算量,结合现有可获得资料情况选用相应合适的计算方法。运用水均衡方法和开采系数法计算水资源量,利用有效的数学方法推导出研究区地下水流动的偏微分方程定解问题的数学模拟模型,并运用在原有理想状态进行强化的情况下推导出数学模拟模型对计算水资源量涉及的参数及结果进行验证,其参数和计算结果量均符合实际条件。结果:地下水资源总量分别为64021.72×104m3/a,可开采量为13276.02?104m3/a。其结果从理论的角度上为友谊农场地下水开发利用的问题提供数据支撑。(5)结合上述计算得到的分析结果,找出水资源短缺的原因并实现地下水及水稻生产可持续发展提出对策建议。
[Abstract]:In view of the development and utilization of groundwater in friendship farm there are many unreasonable factors, led to a regional groundwater level decline in the situation at home and abroad. According to the groundwater dynamic trend, related research funnel to the depth development problems are that the water environment problem is increasingly obvious. After reading a large number of relevant literature at home and abroad in the system, the analysis of physical geography, the study area topography, geological characteristics, climate and hydrology based shape and hydrogeological conditions and other factors, analysis of the situation of water resources in the study area. (1) in the collection, analysis of the natural geographical and geological background information, a comprehensive understanding of the existence of hydrogeological friendship farm the problem of groundwater environment and the present situation of exploitation, the geological structure of the study area, which laid the foundation for the comprehensive evaluation of groundwater resources, Current situation of development and utilization of groundwater resources in friendship farm, a comprehensive analysis of construction and electromechanical wells, and discuss the reasons of serious consequences of over exploitation of groundwater and bring. (2) an important basis for the management of water resources in agricultural irrigation area is the dynamic changes of the groundwater in the area. The characteristics of groundwater level of friendship farm the irrigation area, using the measured data of groundwater (1992-2011), using the Mann-Kendall analysis method to study the groundwater depth trend change point, combined with the comparative analysis of rice area growth data, find out the dynamic response relationship with the mutation trend of the groundwater irrigation area. At the same time using standardized precipitation index (SPI) method to analyze the relationship between changes in response study on precipitation and groundwater dynamic trend. The results show that seasonal irrigation, factors affecting human exploitation, groundwater The trend has obvious characteristics and periodicity of mutation, mutation trend during 2001-20022006-2007; groundwater level decline change effect of rice planting and precipitation, rice planting area is mainly affected by the control of growth. (3) in the planning of groundwater resource development and utilization, in 2010 as the base year, 2020 and 2030 by the prediction of supply and demand planning and from the two aspects of supply and demand, based on grasping the water demand and water supply, water resources have protection ability, can support the sustainable economic and social development. The area is a typical agricultural irrigation area, using the water balance principle, research method and probability statistics scale drop statistics, analysis and calculation under the current conditions. Grain crop water and groundwater exploitation, and the establishment of food production security index system. The degree of Groundwater groundwater protection on grain production friendship farm Analyses of evaluation results for the proposed control is put forward to alleviate the water shortage of rice area, through water-saving irrigation technology to reduce the irrigation quota and the development of surface water and other effective measures to clarify the theoretical basis. According to agricultural irrigation with friendship farm water-saving space and vigorously develop water-saving irrigation large reference surface water engineering, in the premise of water demand in study area the significant improvement of the regional groundwater environment, alleviate groundwater trends and consequences. (4) in the study of groundwater resource quantity of friendship farm in the main is to determine the underground water resources quantity, exploitation quantity. According to the different amount of calculation, combined with the existing data can be obtained using the corresponding appropriate calculation method. The calculation of water resources by water balance method and extraction method of partial differential equation by the method of mathematics effectively push the study area groundwater flow is derived Definite solution of the mathematical simulation model, and the use of strengthening in the original ideal state mathematical simulation model to verify the results and parameters involved in calculating the amount of water resources, the parameters and the calculation results were consistent with the actual conditions. Results: the total amount of groundwater resources is 64021.72 * 104m3/a respectively, the recoverable amount is 13276.02? 104m3/a. the results provide data support from the theoretical point of view for the development and utilization of groundwater problems. Friendship farm (5) combined with the calculated results, find out the reasons of the shortage of water resources and realize the sustainable development of rice production in underground water and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions.

【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P641.8

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