中国土地整治项目安排与资源协调性研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 16:51

本文选题：土地整治　切入点：协调性　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国土地整治是根据国家现阶段经济发展水平和资源环境状况做出的战略决策,对实现耕地总量动态平衡、城乡统筹发展和社会主义新农村建设等都有着重要作用。自1997年中共中央、国务院发出《关于进一步加强土地整理切实保护耕地的通知》(中发[1997]11号),要求“积极推进土地整理,搞好土地建设”以来,我国开展了大规模的土地整治建设活动,提高了耕地质量、稳定了耕地数量、实现了耕地占补平衡、促进了粮食安全。随着节约集约土地利用、资源环境保护和城乡一体化建设的需要,土地整治内涵不断扩展,《全国土地整治规划(2011～2015年)》提出当前我国土地整治包括农用地整理、土地复垦、宜耕后备土地开发、城镇工矿用地整治和农村建设用地整治共五项内容,但现阶段以农用地为主要整治对象的土地整理、开发和复垦仍是国家土地整治建设的主体,这些项目的规划设计、工程建设、实施效果等与区域土地资源、耕地后备资源、水资源等自然资源条件紧密联系,为实现宏观土地整治规划目标,持续发挥建设效益,客观要求这类土地整治项目安排与区域资源条件相协调。因此,系统分析已实施土地整治项目开展与区域自然资源的协调状况,对有效指导土地整治规划编制,合理安排整治资金,保护区域生态环境等具有重要的意义。本文以我国土地整治建设活动(项目建设)为背景,依托全国农村土地整治监测监管信息,对2006～2012年来我国土地整治建设与区域自然资源的协调状况进行了系统分析,主要内容包括农用地整理与耕地资源、土地开发与耕地后备资源、土地整治与水资源协调性及时空分布关系,得出以下主要结论：(1)中国农用地整理与耕地资源分布的协调性主要表现为：在数量上：全国尺度下农用地整理与耕地资源分布的协调性较弱,整理项目安排与耕地资源分布错位明显。省域尺度下多数省份各年度的整理重心集中分布在耕地重心周围,表明省域内农用地整理与耕地资源的分布较为协调；在质量上：优等地和低等地的整理比例逐渐上升,高等地整理比例趋于下降,中等地整理比例基本稳定。优等地和中等地的整理项目安排逐渐趋于均衡化,高等地整理开展偏于其耕地重心北侧,低等地整理项目分布较为不均。(2)中国土地开发与耕地后备资源分布的协调性主要表现为：省级尺度上,省域内土地开发与耕地后备资源明显不协调,部分省份过度开发现象严重,部分耕地后备资源丰富的省份开发规模较少；市级尺度上,全国仅有61.9%市级研究单元的后备资源开发在宜耕资源量范围之内,剩余38.1%都出现了过度开发的现象,且这些研究单元在过度开发的现状背景下并未放缓土地开发的速率；土地开发控制在耕地后备资源范围之内的研究单元,其土地开发在土地整治中的比例较低,而过度开发的研究单元,其土地开发占整治的比例较高。(3)中国土地整治与水资源分布的协调性主要表现为：在数量上,全国尺度下土地整治项目安排仍偏向于水土匹配好的区域。在省级尺度上,水土匹配较好的省份,其土地整治项目安排较为均匀,而水资源较差的省份,其土地整治项目安排向水资源较优区的倾斜现象较为明显；在空间上,东部地区与中部地区土地整治项目安排受水资源影响较小,东北地区的土地整治项目安排在2008年之前主要偏向于吉(林)辽(宁)地区,之后其整治重心逐渐向西北偏移至三江平原与东北平原等水土较优区。西南地区水土匹配不均衡,土地整治项目在总体上受耕地资源分布影响较大。西北地区水资源主要集中在该区域的西部,土地整治项目安排受水资源影响巨大,其整治重心大多落在水土匹配良好的区域内部。
[Abstract]:China's land consolidation is based on the strategic decision of national economic development at present and the level of resources and environment condition, to realize the dynamic balance of the total arable land, urban and rural development and construction of a new socialist countryside plays an important role. Since 1997, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council issued the "on the further strengthening of land consolidation and protection of farmland > (in the Notice No. [1997]11)," actively promote land consolidation, since land construction, land remediation in China have carried out large-scale construction activities, improve the quality of cultivated land, stabilize the quantity of cultivated land, realize the balance of arable land, promote food security. With conservation and intensive land use, environmental protection and construction of urban and rural resources the integration of land consolidation connotation expands ceaselessly, "national land consolidation planning (2011~2015) > raised China's current land consolidation including agricultural land consolidation, soil Land, arable land reserve development, urban land consolidation and rural construction landremediation a total of five items, but at the stage of agricultural land as the main object of the regulation of land consolidation, land consolidation and reclamation of subject construction and development is still the country, planning and design, the construction of the project implementation effect and regional land resources, cultivated land resources, water resources and other natural resources closely to achieve macro land remediation planning objectives, continue to play the benefits of building, the objective demand of this kind of land remediation project arrangement and coordination of regional resources. Therefore, the system analysis has been carried out to coordinate the implementation of land consolidation project and the status of regional natural resources, to effectively guide for land consolidation planning, reasonable arrangement of renovation funds, has an important significance to protect the ecological environment of the region. In this paper, the construction of China's land consolidation activities (Xiang Mujian A) as the background, relying on the national information monitoring and supervision of rural land consolidation, the coordination state of China's land consolidation construction and regional natural resources in 2006~2012 years were analyzed. The main contents include land and cultivated land resources, land development and land reserve resources, land and water resources coordination and distribution relationship and the main conclusions are as follows: (1) arrangement and coordination of cultivated land resources distribution of agricultural land Chinese: in the number of national scale agricultural land consolidation and distribution of land resources in the coordination of the weak consolidation project arrangement and distribution of land resources. The provincial scale under the obvious dislocation of most provinces of the annual consolidation center concentrated in the center of cultivated land around, shows that the distribution of provincial agricultural land consolidation and land resources are coordinated; in quality: the proportion of superior and lower the Increased gradually, higher land consolidation proportion tends to decline, secondary consolidation ratio is basically stable. Superior and middle land consolidation project arrangement tends to be balanced, to carry out partial to the higher order center of cultivated land on the north side, low land consolidation project distribution is uneven. (2) develop and coordinate the distribution of main cultivated land reserve resources performance China: provincial land scale, provincial land development and land reserve resources were not coordinated, the phenomenon of excessive development in some provinces serious, few provinces development scale of arable land reserve resources rich; municipal scale development, reserve resources only 61.9% Municipal Research Unit in arable resources within the scope of the remaining 38.1% there are over exploitation of the phenomenon, and the research unit in the background situation of excessive development of the land development has not slowed down the rate of land development control in cultivated land; The research unit within the scope of the reserve resources, the proportion of the land development in the land is low, the research unit and over exploitation, the development of land remediation accounted for a higher proportion. (3) Regulation and coordination of water resources distribution of Chinese land: in number, the scale of land consolidation project arrangement still, the bias in the soil area. At the provincial level, soil and water, better Province, its land remediation project arrangement is uniform, and the water resource poor provinces, the land consolidation project arrangement of water resources to better the tilt phenomenon is more obvious; in the space, the eastern region and the arrangement of land consolidation project the central region less affected by water, land remediation project in Northeast China in 2008 before the main arrangement in favor of Yu Ji (Lin) (Liao Ning) area, after the renovation of the focus gradually shifted to Sanjiang North West The original and the Northeast Plain and superior area. Southwest soil, unbalanced, impact of land consolidation project in general by the distribution of land resources. Water resources in Northwest China are mainly concentrated in the western region, land remediation projects arranged by water impact, the focus of remediation within the region, mostly in good soil.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F301.2

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