四川巴中恩阳区红层丘陵地下水特征及水资源评价

发布时间：2018-04-30 12:49

本文选题：红层 + 水文地质特征　；参考：《成都理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：四川省红层丘陵区是四川主要的农业经济区,水资源匮乏,且供需矛盾突出,农村生活饮用水以分散式浅水井为主,普遍存在量缺质差、抗旱能力弱的问题。恩阳区属于典型的川北红层丘陵区,恩阳区的水资源问题同样是困扰其发展的大问题。近年来随着红层区打井工程在恩阳区的实施,解决了部分地区的饮水问题,暂时缓解了水资源紧张问题,但缺乏对地下水特征和水资源的系统研究。论文研究了恩阳区的地下水特征和水资源安全问题,为恩阳区水资源开采的合理规划和水资源安全问题提供科学依据。论文首先介绍了研究区概况和红层介质的特征,然后从地下水类型、地下水赋存规律、地下水的补、径、排关系等方面分析了恩阳区的水文地质特征,并划分水文地质单元,接着论文从水质和水量两个方面分析恩阳区的水资源状况,最后用层次分析法研究了恩阳区水资源安全问题。水质评价从地下水安全和生活饮用水安全两个方面进行评价,采用综合评价法评价地下水安全;水量评价从天然补给量、储存量和开采量三个方面分别评价其保证程度,并分别用降雨保证率、利用更新率和利用率评价天然补给量、储存量和开采量。论文获得的主要研究成果有:(1)通过对恩阳区地下水的调查和结合区域水文地质报告分析,确定地下水类型为松散层孔隙水、层间裂隙水和基岩裂隙水三大类,其中松散层孔隙水又可细分为第四系冲洪积孔隙水、残坡积孔隙水和崩坡积孔隙水。(2)通过对恩阳区地下水补、径、排关系研究,研究区主要有库塘补给井型、崩积区补给井型和层间裂隙补给井型三种模式,以库塘补水给井型分布最广,并对三种类型的补、径、排关系进行研究。(3)论文的抽水试验分别在富水段和贫水段进行,抽水试验涵盖了主要的水文地质单元,分析抽水试验的数据得到富水段渗透系数为0.1~0.2m/d和贫水段渗透性系数为0.012~0.082m/d,富水段影响半径为30~55m,贫水段影响半径为0.3~3.8m。(4)根据研究区地貌类型及地层岩性特征等控制因素,将区内储水单元主要划分为四类,即:桌状山型储水单元、窄谷梁状山型储水单元、陡倾斜单面山型储水单元和宽谷深丘型储水单元;研究了各类储水单元的水文地质特征及水质水量情况。(5)研究区共采取40个水样,水样分析得到地下水化学类型:HCO3-Ca型水样共有28组,HCO3-Ca·Mg有7组,HCO3-Na·Ca有2组,HCO3-Ca·Na·Mg有2组,只有一组水样HCO3-Na。用综合评价法评价水质结果:17个水样达到良好及以上标准,23个水样属于较差和极差标准;采用生活饮用水标准评价水质,不达标的要素主要为铁、锰和氨氮超标,铁和锰超标地区地下水应做处理后才可饮用,氨氮超标地区应尽量避开农田污染区取水。(6)研究区用大气降雨入渗法计算得到的天然补给量为5733×104m3,用容积法计算得到的存储量为892.8×104m3,用均匀布井法计算得到的可采资源量为406.8×104m3。水量评价时,天然补给量、储存量和开采量分别用不同保证率、更新率和保证率对其进行评价,在这三种方法评价下研究区水资源的保证程度都较高,在近期远期规划中地下水的开采量是合理的。(7)论文用层次分析法研究了恩阳区的水资源安全问题。首先建立安全评价指标体系,在指标体系基础上构造判断矩阵,然后用MATLAB计算各指标层对目标层的相对权重,直接建立安全评价标准并确定各指标的安全度等分,最后通过各指标的权重和等全度等分计算出水资源安全评价综合值。最终恩阳区水资源安全评价综合值为61,达到相对安全的程度,说明恩阳区目前水资源利用是相对安全合理的。
[Abstract]:The red layer hilly area of Sichuan province is the main agricultural economic zone in Sichuan. The water resources are scarce and the contradiction between supply and demand is very prominent. The rural living drinking water is mainly scattered shallow water wells, and there is a widespread problem of poor quality and poor quality and weak drought resistance. In recent years, with the implementation of the drilling project in the red zone, the drinking water problem in some areas has been solved, and the water resources shortage is temporarily relieved, but there is no systematic study on the characteristics of groundwater and water resources. The paper studies the characteristics of the groundwater and the safety of water resources in the area of en Yang District, which is reasonable for the exploitation of water resources in the area. This paper first introduces the general situation of the research area and the characteristics of the red layer medium, and then analyzes the hydrogeological characteristics of the area from the groundwater type, the law of groundwater occurrence, the supplement, the diameter and the row relation of the groundwater, and divides the hydrogeological unit, then the paper from the water quality and the water quantity of two. The water resources security of en Yang district is analyzed by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The water quality evaluation is evaluated from two aspects of the safety of groundwater and the safety of drinking water, and the comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the safety of groundwater, and the water evaluation is evaluated from three aspects of natural supply, storage and mining. The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) through the investigation of the groundwater in the inyang district and the analysis of the regional hydrogeological reports, the groundwater type is loose pore water, interlayer fissure water and base. There are three major categories of rock fissure water, in which the pore water of the loose layer can be subdivided into quaternary flushing pore water, residual slope and pore water. (2) through the study of the groundwater supplement, diameter and row relationship in the nyang District, the study area mainly includes the reservoir pool supply well type, the recharge well type and the interlayer fissure supply well type in the area of three types, and the reservoir pool is supplied to the water. The well distribution is the most widely distributed, and the relationship between the three types of filling, diameter and discharge is studied. (3) the pumping test in the paper is carried out in the rich water and poor water sections. The pumping test covers the main hydrogeological units, and the analysis of the data of the pumping test is that the permeability coefficient of the rich water section is 0.1~ 0.2m/d and the permeability coefficient of the poor water section is 0.012~0.082m/d, and the water rich is rich. The influence radius of the section is 30~55m, the influence radius of the poor water section is 0.3~3.8m. (4). According to the geomorphic types and lithologic characteristics of the study area, the water storage units in the area are divided into four types, that is, the table mountain type water storage unit, the narrow valley beam like mountain type water storage unit, the steep inclined single side mountain type water storage unit and the wide valley deep hilly type water storage unit; Hydrogeological characteristics and water quality and water quantity of all kinds of water storage units. (5) 40 water samples were adopted in the study area, and water samples were analyzed. There were 28 groups of HCO3-Ca water samples, 7 groups of HCO3-Ca. Mg, 2 groups of HCO3-Na. Ca, 2 groups of HCO3-Ca. Na. Mg, only one group of water samples were evaluated by the comprehensive evaluation method of water quality: 17 water The sample reached the standard of good and above, 23 water samples were of poor and extreme standard; the water quality was evaluated by the standard of drinking water. The main elements of the water quality were iron, manganese and ammonia over the standard. The groundwater should be drinkable in the area of iron and manganese exceeding the standard. The area of ammonia nitrogen exceeding the standard should be avoided in the polluted area of farmland. (6) the study area used atmospheric drop. The amount of natural recharge calculated by rain infiltration method is 5733 x 104m3, and the storage amount calculated by the volume method is 892.8 x 104m3. The amount of recoverable resources calculated by uniform well distribution method is 406.8 * 104m3. water evaluation, and the natural recharge, storage and mining amount are evaluated with different guarantee rate, renewal rate and guarantee rate respectively. The three methods evaluate the degree of water resources in the study area is high, in the short-term long-term planning of groundwater exploitation is reasonable. (7) the paper uses analytic hierarchy process to study the safety of water resources in the area. First, establish the safety evaluation index system, construct judgment matrix on the basis of the index system, and then use MATLAB to calculate each finger. The relative weight of the target layer to the target layer, the safety evaluation standard is set up directly and the safety degree of each index is determined. Finally, the comprehensive value of water resources safety evaluation is calculated by the weight of each index and equal degree of equal degree. Finally, the comprehensive value of water resources safety evaluation is 61, and the degree of phase to safety is reached, and the current water resources in the area are explained. It is relatively safe and reasonable to use.

【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P641.8

【参考文献】