中国大陆1990—2013年海岸线资源开发利用特征变化

发布时间：2018-09-14 17:38

【摘要】：利用遥感和GIS技术对中国1990—2013年23 a间大陆海岸线的变化情况进行了分析,从海岸线空间资源可持续利用角度,构建了海岸线开发利用负荷度和易损度指标,对我国大陆海岸线资源开发利用特征进行了评估,结果显示:1)中国大陆海岸线的变化主要体现在海岸线长度和形态的变化两个方面,长度上,中国大陆海岸线呈现出持续增加的趋势,23 a间增加了1 045.54 km;形态方面,大量的自然岸线转变为平直的人工岸线,人工岸线增加了4 398.14 km,年均增加约200 km。2)大陆海岸线的开发利用负荷不断增加,我国距离大陆海岸线1 km范围内海域被开发利用的面积比例已超过80%;大陆海岸线重度开发岸线长度为3 118.05 km,占总长度的16.43%,其中,河北、天津、山东、江苏、上海和浙江的重度开发岸线长度所占比例均超过了50%;海南、福建和广西区的未开发岸线比例超过60%。3)低易损度海岸线分布存在南北差异,北方沿海地区,除山东外,其他省区的高易损度海岸线所占比例均超过了15%,南方地区海岸线资源的易损度整体较好。海南省、广西区的可开发利用潜力较大,人工岸线与易损度存在正相关。论文可为海岸线空间资源管理和可持续利用提供支持。
[Abstract]:The variation of continental shoreline in China during 1990-2013 was analyzed by using remote sensing and GIS technology. From the perspective of sustainable utilization of shoreline space resources, the indexes of shoreline exploitation and utilization load and vulnerability were constructed. The characteristics of exploitation and utilization of coastline resources in mainland China are evaluated. The results show that the variation of coastline in mainland China is mainly reflected in the length of coastline and the change of its shape. The coastline of the mainland of China shows a continuous increasing trend. In the area of increasing 1 045.54 km; shape in 23 years, a large number of natural shorelines have been transformed into straight artificial shorelines. The proportion of the area developed and utilized within 1 km of the continental coastline in China has exceeded 80. The length of the heavily developed coastline of the mainland is 3 118.05 km, which accounts for 16.43% of the total length, including Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong and Jiangsu. In Shanghai and Zhejiang, the proportion of the length of heavy developed shoreline exceeded 50; in Hainan, Fujian and Guangxi, the proportion of undeveloped shoreline was more than 60.3) the distribution of low-vulnerability coastline was different from north to south. In the northern coastal areas, except Shandong, there were differences in the distribution of low-vulnerability shoreline. The proportion of high vulnerability shoreline in other provinces is more than 15, and the vulnerability of coastline resources in southern China is better. The paper can provide support for the management and sustainable utilization of shoreline space resources.
【作者单位】：天津师范大学城市与环境科学学院;国家海洋环境监测中心;
【基金】：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201405025-3)
【分类号】：P748

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