利用侧扫声纳对大型藻类的藻场资源量评估的研究

发布时间：2018-10-09 14:16

【摘要】：大型藻类的藻场是重要的海洋藻类栖息地,是鱼类等海洋生物的栖息场所、庇护场所和捕食场所,大型藻类对海洋生态环境的修复作用明显,可有效减轻海区富营养化程度,降低海水中氮、磷浓度,其本身具有较高的经济价值、科研价值及其他利用价值。本研究于2016年6月对大连旅顺口区塔河湾附近海域以及獐子岛海域三个大型藻类藻场进行实测调查,评估三个藻场中铜藻、裙带菜和大叶藻的资源量。通过对大型藻类藻场的调查评估,采用侧扫声纳系统和潜水采样,将声学方法与生物学方法有效结合,得到大型藻类在藻场中的厚度、丰度、密度及面积等参数,估算大型海藻场资源量。通过声学方法的使用,使大型海藻资源量评估更为精确和方便,同时为其他藻场生物和多样性评估提供数据支撑,为合理开发利用藻类资源提供帮助。本文对黄海北部不同种类大型藻类的藻场进行侧扫声纳勘测和潜水采样,采集到的侧扫声纳数据和样品为本研究基础数据来源,所得结果为藻场资源量的实时评估结果,若要评估常年的藻场平均资源量,则需要开展进一步研究。研究结果表明:(1)铜藻在礁石上向上生长,通过声纳图像得到铜藻数量和平均长度,通过平均测量长度-平均湿重曲线方程y = 0.0013x2 + 0.7591x - 34.99,R2=0.92,估算铜藻藻场资源量,经估算,褡裢岛海域铜藻藻场4637m~2面积内铜藻资源总量为52.91kg,共474株,单位面积内铜藻湿重为0.0114kg/m~2。(2)裙带菜生长与其他两种藻类不同,通过水下录像和声纳图像确定其覆盖情况,得到裙带菜藻场覆盖面积、单位藻礁的平均面积和裙带菜的平均厚度,结合单位藻礁平均厚度-平均湿重曲线方程y = 5E-05x2 - 0.0028x + 0.0555,R2=0.91,估算裙带菜藻场资源量,经估算,獐子岛马坨5939m~2面积内裙带菜资源总量为266.83kg,单位面积内裙带菜湿重为0.0449kg/m~2。(3)大叶藻在平坦海底的声纳图像呈斑块状,通过声纳图像确定大叶藻有效覆盖面积,结合有效覆盖面积-平均湿重曲线方程y =- 2E - 05x2 +0.1034x-2.4975, R2=0.96,估算大叶藻场资源量,经估算,塔河湾海域32873m~2面积内大叶藻资源总量为434.38kg,单位面积大叶藻湿重为0.0132kg/m~2。(4)利用声学方法可以得到三种大型藻类在海底的空间分布,由于三种大型藻类生态习性各不相同,因此空间分布特征存在很大差异。声学方法评估大型藻场,使用精准的GPS定位,比传统方法更加直观、精确和高效,因此,该方法可行。但此方法依然属于估算,随着海洋精密测量仪器的不断开发和使用,测量精度不断提高,测量结果更接近真实值,相关研究后续需进一步跟进。(5)声学调查对设备操作能力、调查海域海况、设备属性及数据后处理技术水平的要求较高,其中任何环节出现偏差均会导致估算结果产生较大误差,因此满足一系列条件后,才能得到准确结果。
[Abstract]:The algae field of macroalgae is an important marine algae habitat, a habitat for marine life, such as fish, shelter and prey. Macroalgae can effectively reduce the degree of eutrophication in the marine ecological environment because of its obvious effect on the restoration of marine ecological environment. Reducing the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in seawater is of high economic value, scientific research value and other utilization value. In this study, three macroalgae fields near Taghewan and Swertia Island, Lushun District, Dalian, were investigated in June 2016 to evaluate the resources of copper algae, pinnaria pinnatifida and macroalgae. The thickness, abundance, density and area of macroalgae in algal field were obtained by combining acoustic method with biological method by using lateral scanning sonar system and phreatic sampling. Estimate the resources of large seaweed farm. The use of acoustic method makes the assessment of algal resources more accurate and convenient. It also provides data support for the biological and diversity assessment of other algae farms and provides help for the rational development and utilization of algae resources. In this paper, side scan sonar survey and diving sampling of algae fields of different species of macroalgae in northern Huang Hai are carried out. The collected side scan sonar data and samples are the basic data sources of this study, and the results are the real time evaluation results of algae resources. Further research is needed to assess the annual average resources of algae farms. The results show that: (1) the copper algae grow up on the reef, and the number and average length of copper algae are obtained by sonar image. By the equation of average measured length and average wet weight curve y = 0.0013x2 0.7591x -34.9m R20.92a, the resources of copper algae field are estimated and estimated. The total amount of copper and algae resources in the 4637m~2 area of the 4637m~2 area in the Pangdao Sea area was 52.91 kg, with a total of 474 strains, and the wet weight of the algae per unit area was 0.0114 kg / m ~ 2 路m ~ (2). (2) the growth of hemp was different from that of the other two kinds of algae, and its coverage was determined by underwater video recording and sonar images. The coverage area, the average area per unit algal reef and the average thickness of the pinnaria pinnatifida were obtained. Combined with the equation of average thickness and average wet weight of the unit algal reef, y = 0.0028x 0.0555N R20.91, the resources of the field were estimated and estimated. In the 5939m~2 area of Matuo, Swertia, the total resources of the pedigree was 266.83 kg, and the wet weight of the leaf was 0.0449 kg / m 2. (3) the sonar images of the algae were plastered, and the effective coverage area of the algae was determined by the sonar images. Combined with the equation of effective coverage area and average wet weight curve, y -2e 05x2 0.1034x-2.4975, R2N 0.96. the resources of algae field were estimated. In the 32873m~2 area of Tahe Bay, the total amount of macroalgae resources is 434.38 kg, and the wet weight per unit area is 0.0132 kg / m ~ 2 路m ~ (2). (4) the spatial distribution of three species of macroalgae on the sea floor can be obtained by using acoustic method, because the ecological habits of the three species of macroalgae are different. Therefore, the spatial distribution features are very different. The acoustical method is more intuitive, accurate and efficient than the traditional method, so it is feasible. However, this method still belongs to the estimation. With the continuous development and use of the marine precision measuring instruments, the measurement accuracy is continuously improved, and the measurement results are closer to the true value. (5) the acoustics investigation has the ability to operate the equipment. In the investigation of sea conditions, the requirements of equipment attributes and data post-processing technology are high, and any deviation in any of them will lead to large errors in the estimation results, so the accurate results can be obtained only after a series of conditions have been satisfied.
【学位授予单位】：大连海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S932.7

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