诊断初期艾滋病病毒感染者姑息关怀需求调查

发布时间：2018-03-02 08:14

本文关键词： 艾滋病病毒感染者姑息关怀问题需求　出处：《北京协和医学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：研究背景:诊断初期HIV感染者的躯体功能、心理健康、社会功能和人际关系严重受损,为诊断初期HIV感染者提供姑息关怀是有效的关怀方式。我国诊断初期HIV感染者的姑息关怀需求尚待明确。研究目的:(1)修订“HIV感染者姑息关怀问题与需求问卷”,并检验其信度、效度。(2)描述我国诊断初期HIV感染者姑息关怀存在的问题与需求。研究方法:本研究为描述性研究。(1)在PNPC-sv问卷的基础上,针对HIV感染者的特征,对问卷进行内容及文化调试,经过4位专家对问卷内容及条目确认形成问卷初稿。邀请5位从事艾滋病、流行病学及护理专家对问卷进行效度检测,之后抽取111名佑安医院HIV感染者进行信度检测。(2)采用便利抽样的方法,抽取2016年8月至2017年4月于北京佑安医院、北京地坛医院就诊的190名诊断初期HIV感染者,采用研究者自行设计的一般资料和疾病资料调查表、“HIV感染者姑息关怀问题与需求问卷”对其目前存在问题及需求进行问卷调查。(3)采用目的抽样的方法,抽取2017年3月至2017年4月于北京佑安医院就诊的12名诊断初期HIV感染者进行访谈,采用Colaizzi的现象学资料分析方法进行分析。研究结果:(1)“HIV感染者姑息关怀问题与需求问卷”的内容效度指数为0.964,条目内容效度指数为0.8～1.0;问卷中“存在问题”部分的Cronbach'α系数为0.956,各维度介于0.756～0.888之间,“需求”部分Cronbach'α系数为0.965,各维度介于0.851～0.906之间。探索性因子分析共提取出6个公因子,累计方差贡献率为75.4%,各条目的因子负荷介于0.504～0.879之间。(2)诊断初期HIV感染者姑息关怀中存在的问题与需求整体得分较低,存在问题的平均得分是(14.73±13.55)分,需求的平均得分是(14.55±15.18)分。心理问题和经济问题维度存在问题得分与需求得分相对较高。(3)采用Colaizzi的现象学资料分析方法对资料进行分析,最终提炼出5个主题:心理关怀需求、精神关怀需求、社会交往需求、消除歧视的需求和治疗相关需求。研究结论:“HIV感染者姑息关怀问题与需求问卷”具有较好的内容效度、结构效度和内部一致性。诊断初期HIV感染者姑息关怀问题与需求的整体水平较低,但在心理和经济方面存在较多问题和较高的需求,有必要得到医护人员的关注。
[Abstract]:Background: the body function, mental health, social function and interpersonal relationship of HIV infected patients were seriously damaged in the early diagnosis. Palliative care is an effective way to provide palliative care for early HIV patients. The need for palliative care for early HIV patients in China remains to be clarified. Objective: 1) to revise the questionnaire on the problems and needs of palliative Care in patients with HIV infection, and to test its reliability. The validity of this study is to describe the problems and needs of palliative care for patients with HIV infection at the early stage of diagnosis in China. Methods: this study is a descriptive study. Based on the PNPC-sv questionnaire, the content and culture of the questionnaire were adjusted according to the characteristics of HIV infected persons. Four experts confirmed the contents and items of the questionnaire to form a preliminary draft of the questionnaire. Five experts were invited to work on AIDS, epidemiology and nursing to test the validity of the questionnaire. From August 2016 to April 2017, 190 patients with HIV infected in Beijing Youan Hospital and The Temple of Earth Hospital in Beijing were selected for reliability test. By using the questionnaire of general information and disease information designed by the researcher, and the questionnaire on the problems and needs of patients with HIV infected by palliative care, the purpose sampling method was used to survey their existing problems and needs. From March 2017 to April 2017, 12 patients with HIV infection who were admitted to Beijing Youan Hospital were interviewed. Colaizzi's phenomenological data analysis method was used. The results of the study were as follows: 1) the content validity index and item validity index of the questionnaire for HIV infected people with palliative care and needs were 0.964 and 0.81.0, respectively, and Cronbach'a of the "problematic" part of the questionnaire. The coefficient is 0.956, each dimension is between 0.756 and 0.888, the Cronbach's 伪 coefficient of "demand" part is 0.965, and each dimension is between 0.851and 0.906. Six common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis. The contribution rate of cumulative variance is 75.4, and the load of each objective factor is between 0.504 and 0.879.) the overall score of problems and needs in palliative care of HIV infected persons at the early stage of diagnosis is lower, and the average score of existing problems is 14.73 卤13.55. The average score of demand is 14.55 卤15.18. The scores of problem and demand in the dimension of psychological and economic problems are relatively high. Mental care needs, social interaction needs, the need to eliminate discrimination and treatment related needs. The conclusion of the study: "HIV infected with palliative care issues and needs questionnaire" has a good content validity, The overall level of palliative care and demand of HIV infected patients is low, but there are many problems and higher demands in psychological and economic aspects, so it is necessary to get the attention of medical staff.
【学位授予单位】：北京协和医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R473.5

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