养老机构老年人生活质置量表的编制及信效度检验

发布时间：2018-04-03 01:40

本文选题：养老机构　切入点：生活质量　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的：1.通过深入访谈养老机构老年人对生活质量的理解,提炼出生活质量的内涵,为养老机构老年人生活质量评估工具的制定提供理论依据。2.采用质性研究与查阅生活质量相关文献、咨询专家、参考现有生活质量评估工具相结合的办法,编制适合我国养老机构老年人的生活质量量表,并通过量表的信效度检验,研制出心理学测量指标良好的养老机构老年人的生活质量量表,以期为养老机构老年人生活质量方面的研究提供标准化测量工具。研究方法：本研究采用质性研究和量性研究相结合的方法,系统揭示我国养老机构老年人对生活质量的理解和认识,并研制出适合我国养老机构老年人的生活质量量表。1.采用质性研究的方法,对济南市老年公寓入住6个月以上并且认知功完好的老年人进行半结构式访谈,抽样结束的标准是不再出现新的信息、资料达到饱和。本研究最终得到6名老年人对生活质量的理解和生活体验。访谈的同时在老年人同意的情况下进行录音,每次访谈结束后,当天将录音逐字逐句地转化为文字。采用Colaizzi现象学分析法分析资料,提炼出养老机构老年人对生活质量的理解。2.采用质性研究与生活质量相关文献查阅、专家咨询、现有生活质量评估工具参考相结合的办法,编制养老机构老年人生活质量量表。3.邀请从事老年研究的专家对本研究编制的量表进行两轮内容效度评价,根据专家的反馈建议,对量表的条目进行删除、补充和修改,经过小范围的试测后,形成74个条目,9个维度的量表初稿。4.采用方便抽样法选取济南市历下区、市中区、槐荫区、天桥区14家老年公寓的176名老年人作为研究对象,进行养老机构老年人生活质量量表的问卷调查。采用SPSS19.0进行数据的统计分析,采用描述性分析描述研究对象的一般资料,采用探索性因素分析精简量表条目、确立量表维度、评价量表的结构效度,采用Cronbach's a系数、折半信度、重测信度检验量表的信度,采用独立样本t检验评价量表的校标效度。结果：1.本研究中关于养老机构老年人对生活质量的理解,共提取出9个主题：躯体健康、饮食满意度、安全感、舒适的环境、自主性、娱乐活动、人际关系、尊重、情绪健康。2.本研究编制的量表初稿经过两轮内容效度评价后结果显示,条目4、64仅有5位专家完成评价,条目内容效度均为0.80,其余条目内容效度均在0.83以上。全体一致量表内容效度为0.92,平均量表内容效度为0.99。3.探索性因素分析结果显示,最终量表包括9个维度,41个条目。各条目在各因素上的负荷范围为0.462～0.818,这9个维度累计解释总变异的61.252%。4.总量表的Cronbach's a系数为0.90,9个维度的Cronbach's a系数分别为0.86,0.83,0.87,0.80,0.72,0.67,0.63,0.62,0.65；总量表的折半信度为0.93,各维度的折半信度分别为0.86,0.83,0.86,0.84,0.71,0.70,0.69,0.68,0.61；总量表的重测信度为0.76,表明量表具有较好的内部一致性和跨时间稳定性。5.结构效度分析显示各条目的因子载荷均大于0.40,且只在一个因子上有较高的负荷,公因子的累计方差贡献率为61.252%。除维度8、9外,量表各维度之间的相关系数为0.123～0.594,各维度与总量表之间的相关系数为0.483-0.766,这表明量表的结构效度较好。结论：1.本研究编制的养老机构老年人生活质量量表共包括41个条目,9个维度：心理健康(6个条目)、饮食满意度(6个条目)、人际关系和谐性(6个条目)、环境舒适性(5个条目)、活动参与(4个条目)、身体舒适性(4个条目)、安全感(4个条目),家庭亲密度(3个条目)、自主性(3个条目),这9个维度涵盖生理、心理、社会、环境四个领域,较为全面的揭示了我国养老机构老年人的生活质量。2.本研究编制的量表信效度较好,可用于我国养老机构老年人生活质量的测量。
[Abstract]:Objective: through 1. in-depth interviews with elderly pension institutions on the quality of life, to extract the connotation of the quality of life, and provide a theoretical basis for.2. using qualitative research and consulting relevant literature for the quality of life, quality of life for the elderly pension agency assessment tool consulting experts, referring to the existing quality of life assessment tools combined approach prepare for the elderly pension institutions to our quality of life scale, reliability and validity and the scale, developed the elderly pension institutions to measure the good psychological quality of life scale, in order to provide a standardized measurement tool for the research on the quality of life of elderly pension institutions. Methods: this study used the research method of qualitative and quantitative combination system, reveal the elderly pension institutions in our country on the quality of life and understanding, and developed for raising in China The elderly old organization quality of life scale.1. by using the method of qualitative research, semi-structured interviews for the elderly above Ji'nan City Apartments for the elderly in 6 months and the cognitive function in good condition, the end of the sampling standard is no longer a new information, data saturation. This study obtained 6 elderly people on the quality of life and understanding of life experience. The recording in the elderly without the consent of the interview at the same time, every time after the end of the interview, the day of the recording into text word for word and sentence for sentence. The Colaizzi phenomenological analysis method to analyze the data, extract a elderly old institution on the quality of life by understanding.2. literature research and life quality inspection, expert consultation, reference tool to combine existing assessment of quality of life, for the elderly pension institutions to the quality of life scale.3. invited experts engaged in research on the elderly Study on the preparation of the questionnaire conducted two rounds of content validity evaluation, according to the feedback of experts, on the scale of the entries to delete, add and modify, after a small-scale test, 74 items, the draft scale.4. in 9 dimensions by convenient sampling method to select Lixia District of Ji'nan City, central city. Huaiyin District, Flyover District 14 176 elderly apartments for the elderly as the research object, the old-age institution for the elderly quality of life scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS19.0 statistical data, using descriptive analysis to describe the general information of the research object, using exploratory factor analysis to streamline the scale items, establish the scale dimension. The structure validity was evaluated by Cronbach's, a coefficient, split half reliability, test-retest reliability of scale reliability, independent samples t test was used to assess the scale criterion validity. Results: 1. the study on pension institutions Elderly people understand the quality of life, we extract 9 themes: physical health, diet satisfaction, sense of security, comfort, autonomy, entertainment, interpersonal relationship, emotional health.2. respect, the establishment of the draft scale after two rounds of evaluation results showed that the content validity, item 4,64 only 5 experts complete the evaluation, item content validity was 0.80, the remaining items were above 0.83. The content validity of unanimous content validity was 0.92, the average scale factor of 0.99.3. to explore the content validity analysis showed that the final scale including 9 dimensions and 41 items. The range of load on each factor of each item from 0.462 to 0.818, the 9 dimensions explained the total variance of 61.252%.4. total scale Cronbach's a coefficient of 0.90,9 dimensions Cronbach's a coefficients were 0.86,0.83,0.87,0.80,0.72,0.67,0.63,0.62,0.65; total scale fold Half reliability was 0.93, the dimensions of the split half reliability of the total scale of 0.86,0.83,0.86,0.84,0.71,0.70,0.69,0.68,0.61; the test-retest reliability was 0.76, indicating that the scale has good internal consistency and stability across time.5. structure validity analysis showed the factor loadings were larger than 0.40, and only in a high load factor, the cumulative variance the common factor contribution rate of 61.252%. in the 8,9 dimension, scale correlation coefficient between each dimension is 0.123 ~ 0.594, correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total scale is 0.483-0.766, which indicates that the construct validity of the scale was good. Conclusion: 1. the establishment of the quality of life of elderly pension institutions scale includes 41 items in 9 dimensions: Mental Health (6 items), diet satisfaction (6 items), harmonious interpersonal relationship (6 items), comfort (5 items), activity participation (4 items), The body comfort (4 items), security (4 items), family cohesion (3 items), autonomy (3 items), which covers the 9 dimensions of physiology, psychology, society, environment four aspects, comprehensively reveals the living quality of the elderly pension institutions.2. in this study the scale has good reliability and validity and can be used to measure the quality of life of elderly pension institutions in our country.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R47

【相似文献】