以羊为视角下的东乡族文化调查研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 17:06

本文选题：东乡族　切入点：羊　出处：《青海民族大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：东乡族主要聚居在我国甘肃省，具体是集中居住在我国甘肃省东乡族自治县境内。羊在东乡族人们生活中占有十分重要的地位，主要涉及到历史记忆、日常生活、经济生产活动等不同领域，贯穿于人们整个物质生活和精神生活中。在东乡县，羊可谓一种文化符号，深深扎根于东乡族传统与现代社会中。羊与民众的生产、生活息息相关。东乡县恶劣的自然生态环境，导致农业生产效益低下，东乡人家户普遍都养有几只羊，以保证家庭预期的农牧业收入，维持家庭基本生计。在宗教生活中，宰羊是节日生活主要的内容。羊已成为一种文化符号象征，寄托着人们的宗教情感和虔诚的信仰。在长期的生产生活中，形成了关于羊丰富的地方性知识和伦理道德。当前，东乡县已将羊产业确定为四大支柱产业之一，积极倡导发展羊产业。依托着羊经济，东乡社会经济会得到更好的发展。在东乡族传统生活中，羊与人们的关系更为紧密。但随着社会大环境的变迁，东乡族社会正发生着大小不一的变化。东乡族人们自给自足的传统社会生活正向商业化经济过渡。随着人们的生活方式和思想观念的改变，，他们不再自己制作衣物和毡了，而是直接去市场上购买。因此，擀毡技艺，已在逐渐失传。再如，民间口头文学包括故事、民谣、传说等也面临着遗忘和传承的危机。这无不受社会环境的影响。本文提出了自己的观点，即在发展创新中传承和保护羊文化。这对民族生存和社会发展本身有着至关重要的意义。本文主要运用文化人类学经典的田野调查方法中的参与观察法和深度访谈法，对东乡族的生存环境、传统与当代生活中羊与东乡族人们的关联进行了系统的调查研究，展现了东乡族社会生活面貌，透视了东乡族生活、生产、文化方面的经营理念。基于调研，笔者认为，田野调查方法，可以全面、客观地解读羊在东乡族人们生活中的地位及在对东乡族社会的发展与变迁中发挥的举足轻重的作用。
[Abstract]:Dongxiang nationality mainly live in the Gansu province of China, particularly concentrated in the territory of Gansu Autonomous County of Dongxiang Province in China. The sheep occupies a very important position in the Dongxiang people's life, mainly related to the historical memory, daily life, different areas of economic production activities, people throughout the whole material life and spiritual life in in Dongxiang County, the sheep is a symbol of culture, deeply rooted in Dongxiang traditional and modern society.
The sheep and the people's production, life. The natural ecological environment in Dongxiang county is serious, leads to the agricultural production efficiency is low, the people of Dongxiang households generally have raised a few sheep, in order to ensure the family expected revenue of agriculture and animal husbandry, maintaining the basic livelihood of families. In religious life, sheep is the main content of sheep festival life. It has become a cultural symbol, the sustenance of the religious emotion and the religious beliefs of the people. In the long-term production and life, the formation of a sheep rich local knowledge and ethics. At present, Dongxiang county has the sheep industry as one of the four pillar industries, actively promote the development of sheep industry relying on. The sheep economy, Dongxiang economy will get better development.
In Dongxiang traditional life, the relationship between sheep and people more closely. But with the change of social environment, the Dongxiang nationality society is changing sizes. Dongxiang people self-sufficient traditional social life positive commercial economic transition. As people's life style and concept of change, they no longer own making clothes and felt, but directly to the market to buy. Therefore, felting techniques, has been gradually lost. Moreover, the folk oral literature includes stories, folk legends, is also facing the forgotten and heritage crisis. It is influenced by social environment. This paper puts forward his own point of view, namely the inheritance and protection the sheep in the development of culture innovation. The national survival and social development has important significance.
This paper mainly uses the fieldwork method of classical cultural anthropology in participatory observation and in-depth interviews, the Dongxiang family living environment, and the people of Dongxiang Sheep Association of traditional and contemporary life has been investigated, showing the Dongxiang nationality in social life, the perspective of Dongxiang nationality life, production, culture business philosophy. Based on the research, the author believes that the method of field survey, comprehensive, objective interpretation of the status function of sheep in Dongxiang people in life and an important play in the development and change of the Dongxiang nationality society.

【学位授予单位】：青海民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：C912.4

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