吡虫啉和噻虫啉对非靶标土壤生物白符跳虫的毒性评价

发布时间：2021-09-03 19:48

　　新烟碱类杀虫剂是20世纪80年代研发出来的一类氯化烟酰杀虫剂,吡虫啉是第一种商业化的新烟碱类杀虫剂化合物（1991年）。作为是世界上使用最广泛的杀虫剂之一,新烟碱类杀虫剂通过作用于突触后膜上的烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（nAChR）来影响昆虫中枢神经系统中特定的神经通路。独特的作用方式使它们能够有效地作用于刺吸式口器害虫,如粉虱、螨类和蚜虫。吡虫啉和噻虫啉在不同农业种植系统中广泛使用,在稻田中也是具有代表性且广泛使用的新烟碱类杀虫剂。白符跳虫（Folsomia candida）是一种土壤栖息节肢动物,它通过促进有机物分解和养分循环,在生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。它们是常见且广泛存在于世界各地土壤中的节肢动物,栖息在肥沃的土壤和叶凋落物层中。在本研究中,我们检测了吡虫啉和噻虫啉对白符跳虫的急性和慢性毒性以及亚致死效应,包括对白符跳虫的存活、繁殖、解毒酶活性和转录组学水平的影响。实验结果如下:1.吡虫啉和噻虫啉对白符跳虫的急性毒性。使用9-12天龄期白符跳虫幼虫进行两种杀虫剂的急性毒性测定。处理后14天记录数据。这两种农药对白符跳虫都具有致死效应,吡虫啉和噻虫啉在土壤干重下对其的LC_50... 

【文章来源】：华中农业大学湖北省 211工程院校 教育部直属院校

【文章页数】：126 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Pesticides in general
    1.2 Neonicotinoids
        1.2.1 Neonicotinoids status and use in the World
        1.2.2 Neonicotinoids status and use in China
    1.3 Action mode of Neonicotinoids
    1.4 Agricultural and economic benefits of neonicotinoids
    1.5 Effects of neonicotinoids on non-target arthropods(NTAs)
    1.6 Imidacloprid
    1.7 Thiacloprid
    1.8 Biology of Folsomia candida
    1.9 Toxicological,biochemical and molecular responses on F.candida:multi-biomarker approach
        1.9.1 Toxicological tests
        1.9.2 Biochemical biomarkers
        1.9.3 Molecular biomarkers
    1.10 Objectives of the study
2 CHAPTER II MATERIALS AND METHODS
    2.1 Test organism and soil spiking
        2.1.1 Test organism and rearing
        2.1.2 Synchronization
        2.1.3 Preparation of Soil and Determination of pH and WHC
        2.1.4 Soil spiking
        2.1.5 Test compounds and doses used
    2.2 Lethal toxicity test
    2.3 Chronic toxicity test
    2.4 Biochemical bioassays
        2.4.1 Preparation of culture media
        2.4.2 Chemicals
        2.4.3 Exposure to imidacloprid and thiacloprid
    2.5 Enzyme activity assay
        2.5.1 Cytochrome P450(CYP450)activity
        2.5.2 Carboxylesterases(CarEs)activity
        2.5.3 Glutathione S-transferase(GST)activity
    2.6 Transcriptome analysis under imidacloprid and thiacloprid stresses
        2.6.1 Identification and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)
        2.6.2 Transcriptome validation via qPCR
    2.7 Statistical analysis
3.CHAPTER III RESULTS
    3.1 Toxicological biomarker
        3.1.1 Test validation
        3.1.2 Lethal toxicity
        3.1.3 Chronic toxicity
    3.2 Effects of imidacloprid and thiacloprid on detoxified enzymes
        3.2.1 Cytochrome P450(CYP450)activity
        3.2.2.Carboxylesterases(CarEs)activity
        3.2.3 Glutathione S-transferase(GST)activity
    3.3 Transcriptome analysis
        3.3.1 Illumina sequencing and de novo assembly
        3.3.2 Functional annotation of Genes
        3.3.3 Annotation and Clustering Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes(DEGs)in imidacloprid
        3.3.4 Annotation and Clustering Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes(DEGs)for thiacloprid
        3.3.5 Validation of DEGs using qPCR
4 CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION
    4.1 Toxicity of imidacloprid and thiacloprid in soil treatment
    4.2 Effect of imidacloprid and thiacloprid on detoxified enzymes
    4.3 Identification of imidacloprid and thiacloprid detoxification-related genes
5 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
PUBLICATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]烯啶虫胺在水稻和稻田环境中的残留及消解动态[J]. 杨金川,胡德禹,张钰萍,王卉,安凤颖,张侃侃.  农药学学报. 2012(05)



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