Repellency of Essential Oils Against the Rice Pest Niphotett

发布时间：2022-07-27 21:48

　　稻米是人类的重要主粮,将近50%的世界人口以大米为主食。从2009到2017年,估计约有4.7564亿吨大米被消费,其中亚洲人口消费量超过90%。中国是世界上最大的大米生产国和消费国,超过65%的中国人以大米为主食,每年种植水稻面积约为2.94千万公顷。为了应对人口的增长压力,中国水稻产量在2030年的产量需要比现在增加20%。但是,每年因害虫危害引起的产量下降和稻米品质降低严重减少了农民收入。水稻黑尾叶蝉（Nephotettix cincticeps）是中国和亚洲其他许多地区的一种水稻害虫。其每年多代的刺吸水稻汁液为害,严重影响了水稻产量。长期依靠化学农药防治,导致害虫产生抗药性的同时增加了对自然天敌在内的非靶标害虫风险。在害虫综合防治系统中,利用植物源精油防治黑尾叶蝉是减少常规化学农药防治的一种有效替代途径。本研究在室内、温室和田间系统地评估了 12种植物精油和两种含自植物精油中的单体化合物（芳樟醇和胡椒碱）对黑尾叶蝉雌成虫和3龄若虫的驱避活性。此外,在生理水平上,测定了精油对黑尾叶蝉体内谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（Glutathione S Tranferase,GST） ,羟基酯酶（... 

【文章页数】：92 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
Chapter Ⅰ. Introduction
    1.1 Plant based bio-pesticide
        1.1.1 Obtention of essential oils
        1.1.2 The growing concern about using essential oils
        1.1.3 Classification of plant pesticides
    1.2 Rice production and challenge in China
    1.3 Niphotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
    1.4 Licossa pseudoannulata (Araneae:Lycosidae)
    1.5 Detoxification enzymes
    1.6 Objectives of this research
Chapter Ⅱ.Materials and Methods
    2.1 Insect colony
    2.2 Spider
    2.3 Essential oil extraction
    2.4 Essential oils dissolution
    2.5 Repellency of essential oils against adult and nymph leafhoppers in the laboratory
    2.6 Repellency of essential oils against adult and nymph leafhoppers in the greenhouse
    2.7 Repellency of some major compounds against adult and nymph leafhoppers in thelaboratory and greenhouse
    2.8 Enzyme activities of N. cincticeps after essential oil treatment
    2.9 Bioassay of essential oils on the natural enemy Licosa pseudoannulata in thelaboratory conditions
    2.10 Open field bioassays
    2.11 Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)analysis
    2.12 Data analysis
Chapter Ⅲ.Results
    3.1 Laboratory assays
        3.1.1 Screening of twelve essential oils
        3.1.2 Repellency of Piper nigrum, Litsea cubeba, Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Hypericum hemsleyanum, Stemona japonica and Curcuma longa in the laboratory
    3.2 Greenhouse assays
        3.2.1 Repellency of Piper nigrum, Litsea cubeba, Zanthoxylum bungeanum,Hypericum hemsleyanum, Stemona japonica and Curcuma longa in the greenhouse
    3.3 GC-MS analysis
    3.4 Repellency of major compounds against leafhoppers in the laboratory andgreenhouse
    3.5 Enzyme activities
    3.6 Effect of essential oils on the spider Licosa pseudoannulata in the laboratory
        3.6.1 Chemotaxis assay
        3.6.2 Effect of essential oils on predation
    3.7 Open field assays
        3.7.1 Repellency effect of P. nigrum, L. cubeba and the mixture of two againstleafhoppers in the open field
        3.7.2 Behavioral response of L. pseudoannulata on P. nigrum, L. cubeba and themixture of two oils in field assay
Chapter Ⅳ. Discussion
    4.1 Effectiveness of essential oils in repelling the rice pest N. cincticeps
    4.2 Essential oil compositions
    4.3 Effect of chemical compounds
    4.4 Effect of essential oils on detoxification enzymes
    4.5 Effect of essential oils on spider
    4.6 Strength and challenge by using this strategy
    4.7 Limitation of the method
Chapter Ⅴ. Conclusion and perspective
Reference cited
Pulications list
Acknowledgement


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期刊论文
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