长期缺水胁迫对小麦—麦长管蚜—烟蚜茧蜂三级营养关系的影响

发布时间：2022-08-10 19:38

　　持续上升的温度和二氧化碳浓度能够调节生态系统中的三级营养关系,然而很少研究探讨持续干旱对三级营养关系的影响。因此,我们比较了“小麦-蚜虫-寄生蜂”系统对水分饱和条件以及中度和重度缺水胁迫条件的响应。结果表明与半干旱地区和湿润地区的相比,干旱地区来源的麦长管蚜[Sitobion avenae（Fabricius）]克隆系发育历期延长,且其发育会随着缺水胁迫水平的增加而延缓。不同地区来源的麦长管蚜克隆系的虫体大小都会随着缺水胁迫水平的增加而减小,表明重度缺水胁迫下其对干旱的适应潜力有所下降。重度缺水胁迫条件下,湿润地区来源的麦长管蚜在面对烟蚜茧蜂[Aphidius gifuensis（Ashmead）]时比干旱地区的有更高的后退动作频率;在水分充足的条件下,湿润地区来源的麦长管蚜比干旱地区的有更高的踢腿防御动作频率。这说明小麦蚜虫对寄生蜂攻击的抵抗表现出一种水分胁迫程度依赖模式。蚜虫10分钟內被寄生蜂攻击的数量呈现出随着水分胁迫加剧而下降的趋势,并且在高强度水分胁迫下麦蚜的被寄生率也呈下降趋势。与之相应的是,在高强度水0分胁迫下,寄生蜂的发育有所延缓。为探讨长期水分胁迫的作用,我们在中度水... 

【文章页数】：124 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION PAGE
    1.1 IMPACT OF INCREASING DROUGHT FROMGLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
    1.2 THE WHEAT APHID SITOBION AVENAE (FABRICIUS)
        1.2.1 SITOBION AVENAE AS AN AGRICULTURAL PEST
        1.2.2 HOST DETECTION AND FEEDING MECHANISM
        1.2.3 PREVENTION AND CONTROL
    1.3 THE PARASITOID APHIDIUS GIFUENSIS (ASHMEAD)
        1.3.1 IMPORTANCE OF APHIDIUS GIFUENSIS (ASHMEAD)
        1.3.2 HOST SEARCHING MECHANISM
        1.3.3 HOST SELECTION
    1.4 OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
CHAPTER 2. IMPACTS OF WATER-DEFICIT STRESS ON TRITROPHIC INTERACTIONS INVOLVING FIRST GENERATION SITOBION AVENAE
    2.1 ABSTRACT
    2.2 INTRODUCTION
    2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    2.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSES
    2.5 RESULTS
    2.6 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 3. IMPACT OF LONG-TERM WATER-DEFICIT ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION OF SITOBION AVENAE AND APHIDIUS GIFUENSIS
    3.1 ABSTRACT
    3.2 INTRODUCTION
    3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    3.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSES
    3.5 RESULTS
    3.6 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 4. IMPACT OF LONG-TERM WATER-DEFICIT ON BEHAVIORS OF SITOBION AVENAE AND APHIDIUS GIFUENSIS
    4.1 ABSTRACT
    4.2 INTRODUCTION
    4.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    4.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSES
    4.5 RESULTS
    4.6 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 5. COMPARISONS BETWEEN GENERATION ONE AND TEN ON DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR OF SITOBION AVENAE UNDER WATER-DEFICIT STRESS
    5.1 ABSTRACT
    5.2 INTRODUCTION
    5.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
    5.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSES
    5.5 RESULTS
    5.6 DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 6. SUMMARY
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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