梨树蜜蜂授粉应用研究

发布时间：2022-12-08 01:18

　　在中国,梨是一种具有高经济价值的水果,因其自交不亲和,所以完全依赖授粉以达到坐果目的。利用蜜蜂授粉需要确定中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂对梨花粉的采集行为模式和影响授粉效率的因素。基于此目的,我们选择在2015-2017年于山西省的梨主产区进行梨树蜜蜂授粉实验。实验一:我们对自然状态下中华蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂对梨树的访花行为进行了比较,我们观察到一个有趣的现象:意大利蜜蜂仅在第一天对梨树表现出积极地访花行为,在接下来的几天对梨花的采集频率显著降低,转而采集其他作物。而中华蜜蜂在实验期内始终以梨花为主要采集目标,并未转而以其较为偏好的作物为主要采集目标。此结果表明:本土中华蜜蜂与本土梨树有更好的适应性。尽管意大利蜜蜂的大量使用引起中华蜜蜂的种群数量相对有所下降,但中华蜜蜂与本土梨树协同进化,导致其在为梨树授粉中对梨花粉的适应性更强。实验二:为充分利用意大利蜜蜂的优势,我们对意大利蜜蜂蜂群内部因素对蜜蜂对梨树的访花行为的影响进行了研究。本实验主要利用安装脱粉器和糖水奖励饲喂的方式了解蜂群内蜂粮存储量对花粉的采集效率的影响。结果表明:采集蜂会根据蜂群内部花粉量和花蜜量的变化改变采集策略。不同处理对采集蜂的... 

【文章页数】：106 页

【学位级别】：博士

【文章目录】：
摘要
Abstract
Abbreviation
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    1.1. POLLINATION
    1.2. ROLE OF POLLINATORS IN FOOD SECURITY
    1.3. THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF POLLINATION
    1.4. INSECT POLLINATOR
        1.4.1. Managed pollinators
            1.4.1.1. Honey bees
            1.4.1.2. Bumble bees
            1.4.1.3. Other wild pollinators
    1.5. POLLINATION ECOLOGY
        1.5.1. Pollinators habitat
        1.5.2. Floral rewards
        1.5.3. Floral morphology
    1.6. POLLINATOR DIVERSITY IN CHINA
    1.7. FRUIT TREE DOMESTICATION IN CHINA
    1.8. APIS CERANA AND A. MELLIFERA IN CHINA
    1.9. CHINESE PEAR
        1.9.1. Pear pollination
        1.9.2. Pear pollination research achievements and gaps
CHAPTER 2. NATIVE HONEYBEES OUTPERFORM ADVENTIVE HONEYBEES IN INCREASING PEAR (PYRUS BRETSCHNEIDERI) POLLINATION
    2.1. SUMMARY
    2.2. INTRODUCTION
    2.3. OBJECTIVES
    2.4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
        2.4.1. STUDY AREAS
        2.4.2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
        2.4.3. HONEY BEES FORAGING
        2.4.4. POLLEN MEASUREMENT
        2.4.5. PEAR NECTAR MEASUREMENT
        2.4.6. FORAGING DISTRIBUTION
        2.4.7. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
    2.5. RESULTS
        2.5.1. POLLEN COLLECTION BEHAVIOR
        2.5.2. POLLEN WEIGHT AND PROPORTION
        2.5.3. Pear nectar sugar contents
        2.5.4. Foraging distrib ution of honeybees
    2.6. DISCUSSION
    2.7. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3. EFFECT OF HONEY BEES COLONY MANAGEMENT IN PEAR POLLINATION
    3.1. SUMMARY
    3.2. INTRODUCTION
    3.3. OBJECTIVES
    3.4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.4.1. Study species and location
        3.4.2. Experimental setup
        3.4.3. Colony manipulation
        3.4.4. Pollen collection
        3.4.5. Pollen pellet/load
        3.4.6. Determination of flowering plants
        3.4.7. Pollen proportion
        3.4.8. Recording meteorological conditions
        3.4.9. Stigma pollen deposition
        3.4.10. Fruit set
        3.4.11. Data analysis
    3.5. RESULTS
        3.5.1. POLLEN COLLECTION OF HONEYBEES
        3.5.2. POLLEN WEIGHT
        3.5.3. SINGLE POLLEN LOAD WEIGHT
        3.5.4. POLLEN PROPORTION
        3.5.5. STIGMA POLLEN DEPOSITION
        3.5.6. FRUIT SET
    3.6. DISCUSSION
    3.7. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4. PEAR VOLATILE COMPOSITIONS AND VISITATION RESPONSE OF HONEY BEES
    4.1. SUMMARY
    4.2. INTRODUCTION
    4.3. OBJECTIVE
    4.4. MATERIALS AND METHODS
        4.4.1. STUDY SITE AND PLANT MATERIALS
        4.4.2. ANTHERS AND NECTAR COLLECTION
        4.4.3. SCENT ANALYSIS
        4.4.4. HONEY BEES FORAGING
        4.4.5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
    4.5. RESULTS
        4.5.1. VOLATILES CHARACTERIZATION
        4.5.2. HONEYBEE VISITATION
    4.6. DISCUSSION
    4.7. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5. GENERAL CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CURRICULUM VITAE



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