晚播高密低氮条件下钾氮比例对棉花碳、氮和抗氧化代谢的影响
发布时间：2024-12-31 23:36
棉花是世界范围内广泛种植的纤维作物。中国是棉花的主要生产和消费国,在过去30多年间棉花产量最高。长江流域是我国棉花主产区之一,普遍采用棉花-小麦和棉花-油菜两熟种植模式。目前过量施肥已导致棉花生产效益下降、环境负担加重,成为棉花生产面临的重要挑战。而采用晚播、高密、低氮和一次施肥的种植模式,是解决当前棉花生产成本高问题的一种有效措施。然而在这种模式下,K肥相对于N肥的适宜比例仍不明确。我们推测:在这种新的棉花种植模式下,采用相同或者略高于N肥的K肥用量(KRN)可以达到稳定棉花产量,从而提高植棉经济效益的效果。为此,我们于2016-2017年在武汉华中农业大学进行了大田试验。试验采用完全随机区组设计,设置3个K:N的比例(用量)处理[K1{K2O:N=0.8:1(168:210 kg ha-1)},K2{K2O:N=1:1(210:210 kg ha-1)}和K3{K2O:N=1.2:1(252:210 kg ha-1)}],所有肥料于棉田出现第一朵白花当天施用。结果表明,K2和K3的平均籽棉产量比K1提高了15%和16%。同时,棉花碳代谢、氮代谢、碳氮平衡和逆境代谢水平概述如下:相较于...
【文章页数】：204 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of abbreviation
CHAPTER 1 Literature Review
1.1 Cotton production and challenges in China
1.2 Worldwide potassium consumption scenario
1.3 Potassium in soil
1.4 Potassium requirement of cotton
1.5 Potassium application in cotton
1.6 Potassium (ratio) and cotton yield
1.7 Potassium (ratio) effects on cotton metabolism
1.7.1 Carbon metabolism
1.7.2 Nitrogen metabolism
1.7.3 Carbon-nitrogen balance
1.7.4 Antioxidant metabolism
1.7.5 Interaction of different metabolism and yield
1.8 Objectives of the study
CHAPTER 2 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Carbon Metabolism of Cotton
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Material and Methods
2.2.1 Climatic conditions, experimental site, and plant material
2.2.2 Plant sampling
2.2.3 Measurements
2.2.3.1 Leaf morphological indices
2.2.3.2 Leaf potassium content
2.2.3.3 Carbohydrate content
2.2.3.4 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.2.3.5 Yield and yield components
2.2.4 Data analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Yield and yield components
2.3.2 Leaf morphological indices
2.3.2.1 Leaf fresh and dry weight
2.3.2.2 Leaf area and specific leaf weight
2.3.3 Leaf potassium content
2.3.4 Carbohydrates content
2.3.4.1 Glucose and fructose content
2.3.4.2 Sucrose and starch content
2.3.4.3 Sucrose and starch transformation rate and sucrose/starch ratio
2.3.5 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.3.5.1 Total Rubisco and sucrose phosphate synthase activity
2.3.5.2 Sucrose synthase and soluble acid invertase activity
2.3.5.3 Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity
2.3.6 Relationship between leaf K content and carbon metabolism
2.3.6.1 Carbohydrates
2.3.6.2 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 3 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Nitrogen Metabolism of Cotton
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and Methods
3.2.1 Measurements
3.2.1.1 Chlorophyll
3.2.1.2 Nitrogen and nitrate
3.2.1.3 Total free Amino acids and total soluble proteins
3.2.1.4 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.2.2 Data analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Nitrogen assimilation compounds
3.3.1.1 Chlorophyll content
3.3.1.2 Total nitrogen and nitrate content
3.3.1.3 Total free amino acids and total soluble proteins content
3.3.2 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.3.2.1 Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity
3.3.2.2 Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity
3.3.2.3 Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity
3.3.2.4 Glutamate dehydrogenase activity
3.3.3 Relationship between leaf K content and nitrogen metabolism
3.3.3.1 Nitrogen assimilation compounds
3.3.3.2 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Carbon-Nitrogen Balance of Cotton
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Material and Methods
4.2.1 Measurement
4.2.1.1 Total carbon
4.2.1.2 Total soluble sugars
4.2.1.3 Amino acids pool
4.2.1.4 Adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
4.2.1.5 Calculation of different ratios
4.2.1.6 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.2.2 Data analysis
4.3 Results
4.3.1 C-N assimilation compounds
4.3.1.1 Total carbon and total soluble sugar content
4.3.1.2 NADH and NAD+ content
4.3.1.3 NADH/NAD+ ratio and ATP content
4.3.1.4 C/N ratio and total soluble sugars/total free amino acids ratio
4.3.2 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.3.2.1 SPS, SAI, NR, and GOGAT activity
4.3.2.2 Phospho enolpyruvate carboxylate and Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
4.3.3 Amino acids pools
4.3.4 Relationship between leaf K content and C-N balance
4.3.4.1 C-N assimilation compounds
4.3.4.2 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.3.4.3 Amino acids pools
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Antioxidant Metabolism of Cotton
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Material and Methods
5.2.1 Measurements
5.2.1.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.2.1.2 Enzymes activities
5.2.2 Data analysis
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.3.1.1 Hydrogen peroxide and glutathione content
5.3.1.2 Malondialdehyde and proline content
5.3.2 Enzymes activities
5.3.2.1 Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity
5.3.2.2 Peroxidase and ascorbic acid peroxidase activity
5.3.3 Relationship between leaf K content and antioxidant metabolism
5.3.3.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.3.3.2 Enzymes activities
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 Discussion and Conclusion
6.1 Discussion
6.1.1 Carbon metabolism
6.1.2 Nitrogen metabolism
6.1.3 Carbon-Nitrogen balance
6.1.4 Antioxidant metabolism
6.1.5 Interaction of different metabolism
6.2 Conclusion
6.3 Innovation
6.4 Future work
References
List of publications
Acknowledgement
本文编号：4021707
【文章页数】：204 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
List of abbreviation
CHAPTER 1 Literature Review
1.1 Cotton production and challenges in China
1.2 Worldwide potassium consumption scenario
1.3 Potassium in soil
1.4 Potassium requirement of cotton
1.5 Potassium application in cotton
1.6 Potassium (ratio) and cotton yield
1.7 Potassium (ratio) effects on cotton metabolism
1.7.1 Carbon metabolism
1.7.2 Nitrogen metabolism
1.7.3 Carbon-nitrogen balance
1.7.4 Antioxidant metabolism
1.7.5 Interaction of different metabolism and yield
1.8 Objectives of the study
CHAPTER 2 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Carbon Metabolism of Cotton
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Material and Methods
2.2.1 Climatic conditions, experimental site, and plant material
2.2.2 Plant sampling
2.2.3 Measurements
2.2.3.1 Leaf morphological indices
2.2.3.2 Leaf potassium content
2.2.3.3 Carbohydrate content
2.2.3.4 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.2.3.5 Yield and yield components
2.2.4 Data analysis
2.3 Results
2.3.1 Yield and yield components
2.3.2 Leaf morphological indices
2.3.2.1 Leaf fresh and dry weight
2.3.2.2 Leaf area and specific leaf weight
2.3.3 Leaf potassium content
2.3.4 Carbohydrates content
2.3.4.1 Glucose and fructose content
2.3.4.2 Sucrose and starch content
2.3.4.3 Sucrose and starch transformation rate and sucrose/starch ratio
2.3.5 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.3.5.1 Total Rubisco and sucrose phosphate synthase activity
2.3.5.2 Sucrose synthase and soluble acid invertase activity
2.3.5.3 Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity
2.3.6 Relationship between leaf K content and carbon metabolism
2.3.6.1 Carbohydrates
2.3.6.2 Carbon metabolizing enzymes activities
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusions
CHAPTER 3 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Nitrogen Metabolism of Cotton
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Material and Methods
3.2.1 Measurements
3.2.1.1 Chlorophyll
3.2.1.2 Nitrogen and nitrate
3.2.1.3 Total free Amino acids and total soluble proteins
3.2.1.4 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.2.2 Data analysis
3.3 Results
3.3.1 Nitrogen assimilation compounds
3.3.1.1 Chlorophyll content
3.3.1.2 Total nitrogen and nitrate content
3.3.1.3 Total free amino acids and total soluble proteins content
3.3.2 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.3.2.1 Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity
3.3.2.2 Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity
3.3.2.3 Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity
3.3.2.4 Glutamate dehydrogenase activity
3.3.3 Relationship between leaf K content and nitrogen metabolism
3.3.3.1 Nitrogen assimilation compounds
3.3.3.2 Nitrogen metabolizing enzymes activities
3.4 Discussion
3.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Carbon-Nitrogen Balance of Cotton
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Material and Methods
4.2.1 Measurement
4.2.1.1 Total carbon
4.2.1.2 Total soluble sugars
4.2.1.3 Amino acids pool
4.2.1.4 Adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
4.2.1.5 Calculation of different ratios
4.2.1.6 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.2.2 Data analysis
4.3 Results
4.3.1 C-N assimilation compounds
4.3.1.1 Total carbon and total soluble sugar content
4.3.1.2 NADH and NAD+ content
4.3.1.3 NADH/NAD+ ratio and ATP content
4.3.1.4 C/N ratio and total soluble sugars/total free amino acids ratio
4.3.2 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.3.2.1 SPS, SAI, NR, and GOGAT activity
4.3.2.2 Phospho enolpyruvate carboxylate and Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity
4.3.3 Amino acids pools
4.3.4 Relationship between leaf K content and C-N balance
4.3.4.1 C-N assimilation compounds
4.3.4.2 C-N metabolizing enzymes activities
4.3.4.3 Amino acids pools
4.4 Discussion
4.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 5 Effect of Potassium Ratio to Nitrogen on Antioxidant Metabolism of Cotton
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Material and Methods
5.2.1 Measurements
5.2.1.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.2.1.2 Enzymes activities
5.2.2 Data analysis
5.3 Results
5.3.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.3.1.1 Hydrogen peroxide and glutathione content
5.3.1.2 Malondialdehyde and proline content
5.3.2 Enzymes activities
5.3.2.1 Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity
5.3.2.2 Peroxidase and ascorbic acid peroxidase activity
5.3.3 Relationship between leaf K content and antioxidant metabolism
5.3.3.1 Oxidative metabolites
5.3.3.2 Enzymes activities
5.4 Discussion
5.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 Discussion and Conclusion
6.1 Discussion
6.1.1 Carbon metabolism
6.1.2 Nitrogen metabolism
6.1.3 Carbon-Nitrogen balance
6.1.4 Antioxidant metabolism
6.1.5 Interaction of different metabolism
6.2 Conclusion
6.3 Innovation
6.4 Future work
References
List of publications
Acknowledgement
本文编号：4021707
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