不同品种甘蓝对桃蚜的抗性及其诱导性挥发物对桃蚜寄主选择行为的影响

发布时间：2020-10-09 07:41

　　桃蚜Myzus persicae是世界上许多作物的一种重要害虫,携带了100多种植物病毒。桃蚜是中国北方芸薹属蔬菜如甘蓝的一种重要害虫。全世界广泛使用化学防治这种蚜虫,但是蚜虫对杀虫剂的抗性逐渐增强。在中国,甘蓝对桃蚜的抗性至今没有报道。植物释放挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)影响植食性昆虫寄主选择和危害。中国甘蓝品种响应桃蚜危害而释放的VOCs至今未知。本实验调查了7种中国甘蓝对蚜虫的抗性,以及这些品种(未受危害和蚜虫侵染的甘蓝品种)释放的VOCs对桃蚜选择寄主行为的影响。这些品种的抗性包括排趋性和抗生性。采用固相微萃取的顶空收集方法调查和比较了7种中国甘蓝(Qibao,Qingan80,Lvlong,Yuanbao,Qingan70,Jinlv,Lvqin66)响应蚜虫危害释放的VOCs。结果显示,与其他品种相比Yuanbao对桃蚜有抗生性和耐受性,在Yuanbao上的桃蚜内增长率较低。Yuanbao对桃蚜有显著的趋避作用,这可能与其含最高的蜡质含量有关。蚜虫偏好Qingan80,其具有高含量长波长(绿色)色素。Qingan80和Yuanbao响应无翅桃蚜的危害而释放的VOCs与其他品种显著不同。最主要的是,β-石竹烯只在Qingan80和Yuanbao检测到,在其他5个品种中没有检测到。蚜虫侵染后的甘蓝释放的挥发物以萜类和绿叶挥发物为主。在所有甘蓝品种中,两种绿叶挥发物(GLVs)和12种萜类物质是主要的挥发物。蚜虫侵染的植株比未受危害伤的植株释放更多的挥发物。β-石竹烯是唯一在未受危害的和蚜虫侵染的Qibao和Qingan80中都检测到的成分。然而,无翅蚜更偏好Qingan80,其在所有检测品种中具有最高的氮含量。另外,本研究发现桃蚜吸引性,植物氮含量以及总挥发物含量之间有显著关系。植物的氮含量显著影响挥发物的释放和桃蚜的偏好行为。此研究有助于解释蚜虫寄主选择行为,为进一步研究以引诱剂为基础的综合性蚜虫防治提供理论基础。
【学位单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位年份】：2017
【中图分类】：S436.35
【文章目录】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
Chapter Ⅰ GENERAL INTRODUCTION
    1.1 General Introduction
    1.2 Host Plant defense
    1.3 Plant volatile compounds
        1.3.1 Volatile organic compound
        1.3.2 Impact of plant volatiles on herbivorous insects
        1.3.3 The fatty acid derivatives
        1.3.4 The phenylpropanoids
        1.3.5 The isoprenoids
    1.4 Host recognition by polyphagous insects
    1.5 The use of semiochemicals in pest control
    1.6 Monitoring pest populations
    1.7 Significance and importance of this study
    1.8 Views and aims of this study
CHAPTER Ⅱ RESISTANT ASSESSMENT OF SEVEN CABBAGE CULTIVARS ONGREEN PEACH APHID (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Materials and Method
        2.2.1 Plant Materials
        2.2.2 Insects Rearing
        2.2.3 Antixenosis Experiment
        2.2.4 Antibiosis (Clip Cage)
        2.2.5 Tolerance to the M. persicae
        2.2.6 Leaf Colour Measurement
        2.2.7 Wax Content Extraction
        2.2.8 Data Analysis
    2.3 Results
        2.3.1 Leaf Disc Free Choice Test
        2.3.2 Antibiosis (Clip Cage) Test
        2.3.3 Tolerance of Cabbage Cultivars against M. persicae
        2.3.4 Leaf Color Measurement
        2.3.5 Correlation of Leaf Colours of Cabbage Cultivars with M. persicae
        2.3.6 Wax Content of Cabbage Cultivars
    2.4 Discussion
    2.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER Ⅲ HOST SELECTION BEHAVIOR OF THE GREEN PEACH APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE, IN RESPONSE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND NITROGENCONTENTS OF CABBAGE CULTIVARS
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Materials and Methods
        3.2.1 Plant materials
        3.2.2 Insects rearing
        3.2.3 Olfactory choice test with Y-tube olfactometer
        3.2.4 Determination of nitrogen content in cabbage cultivars
        3.2.5 Volatile compound collection in cabbage cultivars
        3.2.6 Analysis of volatile compounds
        3.2.7 Statistical analyses
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Olfactory choice test
        3.3.2 Responses of wingless M. persicae in Y-tube olfactometer assay between volatilecompounds highly attractive and repellent cabbage cultivars
        3.3.3 Headspace volatiles of cabbage cultivars
        3.3.4 Nitrogen content in the leaves of cabbage cultivars
        3.3.5 Correlation of nitrogen content with wingless M. persicae
        3.3.6 Correlation of VOCs with wingless M. persicae
    3.4 Discussion
    3.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER Ⅳ RESPONSE OF GREEN PEACH APHID, MYZUS PERSICAE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND OF INTACT AND APHID INFESTED CABBAGECULTIVARS
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Materials and Methods
        4.2.0 Plant Materials
        4.2.1 Insects Rearing
        4.2.2 Plants
        4.2.3 Olfactory Bioassay
        4.2.4 Headspace volatile collection from cabbage cultivars
        4.2.5 Analysis of VOCs
        4.2.6 Statistical analyses
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Olfactory test with Y-tube olfactometer
        4.3.2 Headspace Volatile Analysis of Intact Plants
        4.3.3 Headspace Volatile Analysis of Infested Plants
        4.3.4 Volatiles of Infested Plants and intact plants
        4.3.5 Cultivar differentiation of infested cabbage cultivars based on VOCanalysis
        4.3.6 Cultivar differentiation of intact cabbage cultivars based on VOCanalysis
    4.4 Discussion
    4.5 Conclusion
LITRATURE CITED
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHOR PROFILE
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

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