墨西哥油气产业改革与北美能源地位的转变

发布时间：2018-01-13 16:43

本文关键词：墨西哥油气产业改革与北美能源地位的转变　出处：《拉丁美洲研究》2016年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：墨西哥能源产业改革已正式实施,但其成效尚未完全显现。由于国际原油价格下跌,页岩气和深水区开采面临复杂的地质和技术挑战,预计短期内改革对推动墨西哥国内油气产能上升的作用有限,但将带来投资、就业和技术引进等红利。长期来看,墨西哥石油和液体燃料的产能将有所上升,并将对北美和亚洲地区的能源市场和地缘政治产生影响。首先,可以强化美国和墨西哥之间的能源贸易,稳定北美能源价格,并进一步巩固北美全球油气交易中心的地位;其次,北美洲和亚洲地区间能源市场的互动将大大增强。中国等亚洲国家对投资墨西哥能源产业有很大兴趣,但要打破美国石油公司在墨西哥建立的长期稳定投资合作关系有一定难度。从地区合作角度来讲,亚洲与北美各国之间在稳定合理的能源价格以及维护中东地区稳定方面有着共同的利益;但在投资开发海外石油资源的道路上,亚洲国家和北美存在很大的竞争关系。当前中国可以借鉴墨西哥能源改革和北美能源一体化的经验,加快国内能源产业改革,推动亚洲能源合作。
[Abstract]:Mexico's energy industry reform has been formally implemented, but the results have not yet been fully demonstrated. Shale gas and deep-water mining faces complex geological and technical challenges due to falling international crude oil prices. The reforms are expected to have a limited effect on boosting domestic oil and gas production capacity in the short term, but will bring dividends such as investment, employment and technology imports. In the long run, Mexico's oil and liquid fuel production capacity will rise. It will have an impact on energy markets and geopolitics in North America and Asia. First, it will strengthen energy trade between the United States and Mexico and stabilize North American energy prices. And to further consolidate the status of North America's global oil and gas trading center; Second, the energy market interaction between North America and Asia will be greatly enhanced. Asian countries such as China are interested in investing in Mexico's energy industry. But it will be difficult to break the long-term, stable investment partnership established by American oil companies in Mexico, from a regional perspective. Countries in Asia and North America share a common interest in stabilizing reasonable energy prices and maintaining stability in the Middle East; However, there is a great competition between Asian countries and North America on the way of investment and exploitation of overseas oil resources. At present, China can draw lessons from Mexico's energy reform and the experience of North American energy integration. Speed up the reform of domestic energy industry and promote energy cooperation in Asia.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院国际关系研究所;
【分类号】：F416.22
【正文快照】： 2014年年底,墨西哥能源改革方案获得通过并生效实施,此次能源改革打破了墨西哥自1938年以来执行的禁止私营和外资资本参与国家能源行业投资的禁令,旨在通过吸引先进技术和外资进入墨西哥油气领域以扭转国内油气生产下滑趋势,提高生产力,实现能源领域的现代化,满足墨西哥经济和

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