要素市场扭曲与企业间生产率差异:理论及实证

发布时间：2018-02-27 22:00

本文关键词： 要素市场扭曲生产率差异全要素生产率资源误置　出处：《财经研究》2016年09期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：资源错配突出表现为企业间持续而显著的生产率差异,这一现象在中国制造业中尤其明显。文章基于中国要素市场化改革滞后性的典型事实,研究要素市场扭曲对企业间生产率差异的影响机理。在放松了经典模型关于企业进入与退出某一行业是外生的基本假设后,新的理论分析揭示:扭曲的要素价格影响了企业的生产行为及其进入与退出决策,降低了市场均衡时生产率分布的临界值,从而使得低效率的企业得以继续存活,造成优胜劣汰的市场选择机制部分失灵,最终导致企业间生产率差异的扩大。进一步地,文章基于中国市场化指数估算了行业要素的价格扭曲程度,并利用1998-2007年中国工业企业数据库中的制造业企业数据检验要素市场扭曲与企业间生产率差异之间的关系,结果显示:要素市场扭曲指数每减少1%可以使得企业间生产率差异降低0.46%。文章对于我国当前如何矫正要素市场扭曲,并形成以市场为导向的要素价格机制,从而促进企业间的有效竞争以实现资源优化配置具有重要的政策含义。
[Abstract]:Resource mismatch is characterized by persistent and significant productivity difference among enterprises, which is especially evident in Chinese manufacturing industry. This paper is based on the typical fact that the market-oriented reform of Chinese factors is lagging behind. This paper studies the influence mechanism of factor market distortion on productivity differences between firms. After relaxing the basic hypothesis that firms enter and exit an industry is exogenous, The new theoretical analysis reveals that the distorted factor price affects the enterprise's production behavior and the decision of entry and exit, reduces the critical value of productivity distribution in the equilibrium of the market, and makes the inefficient enterprise survive. The market selection mechanism that caused the survival of the fittest partly failed, and eventually led to the expansion of productivity differences among enterprises. Furthermore, the paper estimated the degree of price distortion of industry elements based on China's market-oriented index. The relationship between the factor market distortion and the productivity difference between enterprises is tested by using the data of manufacturing enterprises in China's industrial enterprise database from 1998 to 2007. The results show that each reduction of factor market distortion index (1%) can reduce the productivity difference between enterprises by 0.46. this paper discusses how to correct the distortion of factor market and form a market-oriented factor price mechanism in China. Therefore, it has important policy meaning to promote the effective competition among enterprises to realize the optimal allocation of resources.
【作者单位】：上海财经大学国际工商管理学院;浙江财经大学中国政府管制研究院;上海财经大学经济学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(15BRK025) 国家自然科学基金项目(71603231) 上海财经大学创新基金项目(CXJJ-2014-342)的支持
【分类号】：F424.1

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