出口技术复杂度对我国制造业工资差距的影响研究
发布时间：2018-08-30 13:41
【摘要】：进入21世纪以后,随着我国经济的不断发展,我国的出口技术复杂度也得到了较大幅度的提升,出口技术复杂度自提出以后也迅速成为各国学者研究跨国、跨地区的各类经济社会问题的重要工具。介于对其内涵的界定以及一些学者关于国际贸易、技术进步影响工资差距的研究,也引发了我们对研究出口技术复杂度与我国越来越成为焦点问题的工资差距之间的关系的思考。事实上,无论是国际贸易,还是技术进步,最终均以产品为载体的形式表现出来,而从产品出口技术复杂度的角度出发,来考虑劳动力工资差距的问题,不仅在理论上具有可行性,也可以更好的针对特定行业采取一些精确有效的产业和人才措施。因此,本文在前人研究的基础上,梳理了出口技术复杂度与工资差距两个方面的相关文献,结合Murphy的劳动力需求模型、Acemoglu模型以及SS定理对本文进行了理论支持,并基于我国31个省级数据所测得的出口技术复杂度,使用面板回归模型研究了其对我国制造业21个细分行业中技术工人与非技术工人之间工资差距的影响。主要的得出了以下几个结论：第一,我国制造业出口技术复杂度无论是从整体上看,还是从细分行业上看,在2005-2013年间均处于不断上升的状态,而其升级的途径主要包括自主创新、国外技术溢出和国际外包几个方面,本文基于Hausmann(2005)的权重测算方法,测得我国制造业出口技术复杂度在整体上的均值从2005年的15677元增长到了2013年的46224元,说明我国出口产品的技术含量在这些年间有了较大幅度的提高。第二,与现有的研究结果中出口技术复杂度对工资差距的单调性影响不同,本文在实证模型中加入出口技术复杂度的平方项以后,发现2005-2013年间,出口技术复杂度对工资差距的影响呈先增加后减小的倒“U”型关系。这一变化的原因主要是由于技术工人与非技术工人之间的关系经历了由替代到互补的转变,替代状态下,出口技术复杂度升级对技术工人的相对需求增加,扩大了工资差距；互补状态下,出口技术复杂度升级对非技术工人的相对需求增加,缩小了工资差距。第三,物质资本投入、研发费用投入以及平均受教育年限比的增加,对工资差距有较为显著的扩大作用,而我国技术工人供给数量的大幅度增加,在一定程度上降低了技术工人的相对价值。另外,外商直接投资对工资差距有负向影响,说明外商直接投资在我国并没有对技术工人形成较大幅度的需求,可能是在投资建厂时使用了较为先进的技术使得生产部门自动化程度较高,从而在进入我国制造业领域以后,需求更大的是非技术工人。尽管出口技术复杂度升级对工资差距表现出一个自我调节的过程,即促进工资差距扩大到一定水平便开始对它产生负向影响,但这并不意味着我们不需要对其进行较多的关注。工资差距是一个社会问题,出口技术复杂度也非唯一影响其变化的因素,当其超出一定水平便会对社会稳定和经济发展产生影响。因此,政府也应采取有效措施,将其维持在一个合理的水平。最后本文针对研究结论提出了几点建议。
[Abstract]:After entering the 21st century, with the continuous development of China's economy, the complexity of China's export technology has also been greatly improved. Since its introduction, the complexity of export technology has rapidly become an important tool for scholars from all over the world to study various economic and social problems in transnational and transregional areas. In fact, whether it is international trade or technological progress, all of them are expressed in the form of products as the carrier, but from the product export technology. From the point of view of technical complexity, considering the problem of labor wage gap is not only theoretically feasible, but also can better take some precise and effective industrial and talent measures for specific industries. This paper is supported by Murphy's labor demand model, Acemoglu's model and SS theorem. Based on the export technical complexity measured by 31 provincial-level data, the panel regression model is used to study the effect of the model on the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers in 21 subdivisions of manufacturing industries in China. The main conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the export technology complexity of China's manufacturing industry is in a rising state from 2005 to 2013, both in terms of the whole and in terms of the subdivision of industries. The ways of upgrading include independent innovation, foreign technology spillovers and international outsourcing. This paper is based on Hausmann (20) 05) Weight measurement method, measured that the overall average export technical complexity of China's manufacturing industry increased from 15,677 yuan in 2005 to 46,224 yuan in 2013, indicating that the technical content of China's exports in these years has been greatly improved. Second, with the existing research results of export technical complexity on the wage gap single. After adding the square term of export technology complexity into the empirical model, this paper finds that the impact of export technology complexity on wage gap increases first and then decreases in an inverted U-shaped relationship during 2005-2013. In the state of substitution, the relative demand of export technology complexity upgrading for skilled workers increases and the wage gap widens; in the state of complementarity, the relative demand of export technology complexity upgrading for non-skilled workers increases and the wage gap narrows. Thirdly, the material capital investment, research and development expenditure investment and the average length of education. In addition, FDI has a negative impact on the wage gap, indicating that FDI has not formed a relatively large scale on skilled workers in China. The demand for non-skilled workers is likely to be higher in the production sector as a result of the use of more advanced technology in the construction of factories, and hence greater demand for non-skilled workers after entering China's manufacturing sector. The wage gap is a social problem, and the complexity of export technology is not the only factor affecting its change. When it exceeds a certain level, it will have an impact on social stability and economic development. Therefore, the government should adopt the same policy. Effective measures should be taken to maintain it at a reasonable level. Finally, some suggestions are put forward in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F424;F752.62
本文编号：2213243
[Abstract]:After entering the 21st century, with the continuous development of China's economy, the complexity of China's export technology has also been greatly improved. Since its introduction, the complexity of export technology has rapidly become an important tool for scholars from all over the world to study various economic and social problems in transnational and transregional areas. In fact, whether it is international trade or technological progress, all of them are expressed in the form of products as the carrier, but from the product export technology. From the point of view of technical complexity, considering the problem of labor wage gap is not only theoretically feasible, but also can better take some precise and effective industrial and talent measures for specific industries. This paper is supported by Murphy's labor demand model, Acemoglu's model and SS theorem. Based on the export technical complexity measured by 31 provincial-level data, the panel regression model is used to study the effect of the model on the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers in 21 subdivisions of manufacturing industries in China. The main conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the export technology complexity of China's manufacturing industry is in a rising state from 2005 to 2013, both in terms of the whole and in terms of the subdivision of industries. The ways of upgrading include independent innovation, foreign technology spillovers and international outsourcing. This paper is based on Hausmann (20) 05) Weight measurement method, measured that the overall average export technical complexity of China's manufacturing industry increased from 15,677 yuan in 2005 to 46,224 yuan in 2013, indicating that the technical content of China's exports in these years has been greatly improved. Second, with the existing research results of export technical complexity on the wage gap single. After adding the square term of export technology complexity into the empirical model, this paper finds that the impact of export technology complexity on wage gap increases first and then decreases in an inverted U-shaped relationship during 2005-2013. In the state of substitution, the relative demand of export technology complexity upgrading for skilled workers increases and the wage gap widens; in the state of complementarity, the relative demand of export technology complexity upgrading for non-skilled workers increases and the wage gap narrows. Thirdly, the material capital investment, research and development expenditure investment and the average length of education. In addition, FDI has a negative impact on the wage gap, indicating that FDI has not formed a relatively large scale on skilled workers in China. The demand for non-skilled workers is likely to be higher in the production sector as a result of the use of more advanced technology in the construction of factories, and hence greater demand for non-skilled workers after entering China's manufacturing sector. The wage gap is a social problem, and the complexity of export technology is not the only factor affecting its change. When it exceeds a certain level, it will have an impact on social stability and economic development. Therefore, the government should adopt the same policy. Effective measures should be taken to maintain it at a reasonable level. Finally, some suggestions are put forward in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F424;F752.62
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，本文编号：2213243
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