近代河南纺织工业的发展历程及其影响因素（1901-1937）
发布时间：2018-09-01 08:29
【摘要】：纺织工业是近代中国规模最大,分布最广,发展较早的工业部门。然而以往对于纺织工业的研究多集中于东部沿海经济发达地区,对于内陆地区纺织工业的研究比较薄弱。本文拟对近代河南纺织工业的发展历程进行梳理,并从经济、政治、社会、国际形势、工人运动等方面探究造成其发展轨迹的原因。近代河南的纺织工业出现于20世纪初,兴起于1920年左右,外由于一战结束,内由于政治动荡引起连锁反应,使得近代河南的纺织工业刚刚兴起即遭逢困顿,并在整个20世纪20年代经营困难,勉力维持。1930年以后,由于国内外形势的好转,近代河南纺织工业逐渐恢复发展,甚至有些年份颇有利润。然而由于自筹建时便遇到资金不足的情况,再到整个20世纪20年代的困顿,导致近代河南的纺织工业累积负债、亏损严重,设备陈旧,生产效率低下,积弊难返。后中国银行有意布局以河北、河南、山西为主的中国内陆地区的纺织工业,整合中部内陆地区的纺织工业。1933年以后,中国银行通过各种手段或直接收购纺织工业企业的产权,或接管河南各纺织工业企业的经营管理权,到1936年,河南各纺织工业企业基本都成为中国银行的产业。此后中国银行通过重组,改革经营管理方式,更新设备,培训工人等一系列方式,为近代河南各纺织工业企业注入了新的活力,使近代河南的纺织工业走上了整合发展的道路。1937年日本发动全面侵华战争,随着河南的沦陷,近代河南的纺织工业或沦陷或内迁,最终结束了艰难的历程。从根本来说,近代工业兴起和发展有两个途径:一是自然发展,即经济和社会发展水平达到一定程度自然而然产生和发展起来;二是由于本身不具备或不完全具备产生和发展近代工业的条件,但是有一个强力的政权作为外因,自上而下的推动其产生和发展。很可惜,由于顽固的封建经济和动荡的政局使得近代的河南仅仅具备近代纺织工业兴起的条件,而远远不具备近代纺织工业发展壮大的条件。这从根本上导致近代河南的纺织工业在十几年的发展历程中仅仅是勉强维持,并随着战争的爆发而彻底破产。
[Abstract]:Textile industry is the largest and most widely distributed industrial sector in modern China. However, in the past, the research on textile industry was mainly focused on the developed coastal areas in the east, but the research on the textile industry in the inland areas was relatively weak. This paper intends to sort out the development course of Henan textile industry in modern times, and to explore the causes of its development path from the aspects of economy, politics, society, international situation, labor movement and so on. The textile industry of modern Henan appeared at the beginning of the 20th century and rose around 1920. Due to the end of the first World War and the chain reaction caused by political turbulence, the textile industry of modern Henan was confronted with difficulties as soon as it rose. After 1930, due to the improvement of the situation at home and abroad, the textile industry in modern Henan gradually recovered and developed, even in some years there was considerable profit. However, due to the shortage of funds since its establishment, and the difficulties of the whole 1920s, the textile industry in modern Henan had accumulated debts, suffered serious losses, outmoded equipment, low production efficiency, and the accumulated disadvantages could not be returned. The Bank of China intended to lay out the textile industry in the inland areas of China, mainly in Hebei, Henan and Shanxi provinces, and to integrate the textile industry in the central inland areas. After 1933, the Bank of China acquired the property rights of textile industry enterprises through various means or directly. Or take over the management of Henan textile industry enterprises, by 1936, Henan textile industry enterprises have basically become the industry of Bank of China. Since then, the Bank of China has injected new vitality into modern Henan textile industrial enterprises through a series of ways, such as restructuring, reforming management, renewing equipment, training workers, and so on. Japan launched an all-out war of aggression against China in 1937. With the fall of Henan, the textile industry of modern Henan either fell or moved internally, which finally ended the difficult process. Fundamentally, there are two approaches to the rise and development of modern industry: first, natural development, that is, the level of economic and social development to a certain extent naturally arises and develops; The second reason is that it does not have or is not fully equipped to produce and develop modern industry, but there is a strong political power as an external cause to promote its emergence and development from top to bottom. Unfortunately, due to the stubborn feudal economy and turbulent political situation, modern Henan only has the conditions for the rise of modern textile industry, and far from the conditions for the development and expansion of modern textile industry. This fundamentally led to the textile industry in modern Henan in the development of more than ten years of barely maintained, and with the outbreak of war and complete bankruptcy.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F429
本文编号：2216645
[Abstract]:Textile industry is the largest and most widely distributed industrial sector in modern China. However, in the past, the research on textile industry was mainly focused on the developed coastal areas in the east, but the research on the textile industry in the inland areas was relatively weak. This paper intends to sort out the development course of Henan textile industry in modern times, and to explore the causes of its development path from the aspects of economy, politics, society, international situation, labor movement and so on. The textile industry of modern Henan appeared at the beginning of the 20th century and rose around 1920. Due to the end of the first World War and the chain reaction caused by political turbulence, the textile industry of modern Henan was confronted with difficulties as soon as it rose. After 1930, due to the improvement of the situation at home and abroad, the textile industry in modern Henan gradually recovered and developed, even in some years there was considerable profit. However, due to the shortage of funds since its establishment, and the difficulties of the whole 1920s, the textile industry in modern Henan had accumulated debts, suffered serious losses, outmoded equipment, low production efficiency, and the accumulated disadvantages could not be returned. The Bank of China intended to lay out the textile industry in the inland areas of China, mainly in Hebei, Henan and Shanxi provinces, and to integrate the textile industry in the central inland areas. After 1933, the Bank of China acquired the property rights of textile industry enterprises through various means or directly. Or take over the management of Henan textile industry enterprises, by 1936, Henan textile industry enterprises have basically become the industry of Bank of China. Since then, the Bank of China has injected new vitality into modern Henan textile industrial enterprises through a series of ways, such as restructuring, reforming management, renewing equipment, training workers, and so on. Japan launched an all-out war of aggression against China in 1937. With the fall of Henan, the textile industry of modern Henan either fell or moved internally, which finally ended the difficult process. Fundamentally, there are two approaches to the rise and development of modern industry: first, natural development, that is, the level of economic and social development to a certain extent naturally arises and develops; The second reason is that it does not have or is not fully equipped to produce and develop modern industry, but there is a strong political power as an external cause to promote its emergence and development from top to bottom. Unfortunately, due to the stubborn feudal economy and turbulent political situation, modern Henan only has the conditions for the rise of modern textile industry, and far from the conditions for the development and expansion of modern textile industry. This fundamentally led to the textile industry in modern Henan in the development of more than ten years of barely maintained, and with the outbreak of war and complete bankruptcy.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F429
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