生态文明视角下煤炭资源开发效益评价研究

发布时间：2019-04-07 18:15

【摘要】：煤炭资源开发这一经济活动在推动经济、社会发展的同时也为我国带来了严重的资源耗损和环境污染等问题,制约了煤炭开发产业的发展。在目前大力推行生态文明建设、转变经济发展模式的社会环境下,煤炭资源开发利益相关者的效益诉求有所改变,其关注焦点从煤炭资源开发对经济、社会的积极影响转移到综合考察其在经济、社会、资源和环境各方面的影响上,因而构建生态文明视角下煤炭资源开发效益评价估算模型,对煤炭资源开发产生的各方面影响以货币化方式进行量化和评价,能清楚、直观地反映煤炭资源开发所产生的效益大小,这既是在符合国家生态文明建设趋势下,正确认识煤炭资源开发在国民经济中贡献的基础,也是为推动煤炭资源开发产业进行政策改革并进而提高其效益提供有效途径。首先,对生态文明发展与煤炭资源开发效益的关系进行了分析,并认为生态文明下的生态伦理观将会转变人类对经济活动的效益诉求和关注焦点。在此基础上,对煤炭资源开发的利益相关者在不同文明阶段的效益要求进行分析,并着重探讨了生态文明建设下各利益相关者的诉求,进而总结得出生态文明视角下煤炭资源开发效益是由经济、社会、资源和环境四方面效益组成的综合效益,并结合已有研究,从对象范围、影响方式等角度对各效益内容进行分析。最后探讨了生态文明视角下煤炭资源开发效益的主要特征,主要包括:复合性、延展性、滞后性和系统性。其次,确定国民经济评价中“费用-效益”方法为本文主要评价方法。依据相关原则对各效益指标进行筛选和分析后,分别构建经济、社会、资源、环境四种效益的评价估算模型,并进一步得出生态文明视角煤炭资源开发综合效益的评价估算模型。最后,选取效益评价的标准。最后,选取我国规模以上煤炭开采和洗选业2008-2013年数据进行实证研究,并分别对经济、社会、资源、环境以及综合效益的发展情况进行评价分析和原因总结。实证结果表明:我国煤炭资源开发的经济效益在2008最好,2012年最差,整体趋势较难判断;社会效益在2008年最差,2013年最好,整体上处于变好趋势;资源效益在2013年最差,2009年最好,整体上处于变差趋势;环境效益在2008年最差,2012年最好,整体上处于变好趋势。而综合效益在2008年最差,2011年最好,在2008-2011年呈变好趋势,2012-2013年呈变差趋势。针对实证结果:本文从控制产能、完善煤矿工死亡赔偿制度、构建生态补偿激励机制、推动煤炭绿色开采产业链延伸等方面提出政策建议。
[Abstract]:The exploitation of coal resources not only promotes the economic and social development, but also brings serious problems such as resource depletion and environmental pollution to our country, which restricts the development of coal exploitation industry. At present, under the social environment of carrying out ecological civilization construction and transforming economic development mode, the benefit demands of stakeholders in coal resource development have changed, and their focus is from coal resource development to economy. The positive influence of society is transferred to the comprehensive investigation of its influence in economic, social, resource and environmental aspects. Therefore, the evaluation and estimation model of coal resources development benefit from the perspective of ecological civilization is constructed. Quantifying and evaluating the impacts of coal resources exploitation in monetized way can clearly and intuitively reflect the benefit of coal resources development, which is in line with the trend of the construction of national ecological civilization. The correct understanding of the contribution of coal resources development in the national economy is also an effective way to promote the policy reform of coal resources development industry and then to improve its benefits. Firstly, the relationship between the development of ecological civilization and the benefit of coal resources development is analyzed, and the ecological ethics under the ecological civilization will change the benefit demand and focus of human's economic activities. On this basis, the paper analyzes the benefit requirements of stakeholders in different civilization stages of coal resource exploitation, and emphatically discusses the demands of stakeholders under the construction of ecological civilization. Then it is concluded that the benefit of coal resources development from the perspective of ecological civilization is a comprehensive benefit composed of economic, social, resource and environmental benefits, and combined with the existing research, from the scope of the object, Influence mode and so on angle to carry on the analysis to each benefit content. Finally, the main characteristics of the benefit of coal resources exploitation from the perspective of ecological civilization are discussed, including: compound, extensibility, lag and systematicness. Secondly, the method of "cost-benefit" in the national economy evaluation is determined as the main evaluation method in this paper. After the selection and analysis of each benefit index according to the relevant principles, the evaluation and estimation models of economic, social, resource and environmental benefits are constructed respectively. Furthermore, the evaluation and estimation model of comprehensive benefit of coal resources development from the perspective of ecological civilization is obtained. Finally, select the criteria of benefit evaluation. Finally, the data of coal mining and washing industry in China from 2008 to 2013 are selected for empirical research, and the development of economy, society, resources, environment and comprehensive benefits are evaluated and summarized. The empirical results show that the economic benefit of coal resources development in China is the best in 2008, the worst in 2012, and the overall trend is difficult to judge, the social benefit is the worst in 2008, the best in 2013, and it is in a better trend as a whole. Resource benefits were the worst in 2013, the best in 2009, and generally worse; and environmental benefits were the worst in 2008, the best in 2012, and overall in a better trend. The comprehensive benefit was the worst in 2008, the best in 2011, the better in 2008-2011, and the worse in 2012-2013. According to the empirical results, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions from the aspects of controlling the production capacity, perfecting the compensation system for the death of coal miners, constructing the ecological compensation incentive mechanism, and promoting the extension of the green coal mining industry chain.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F426.21

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