电力市场原理与我国电力市场化之路

发布时间：2019-05-07 11:16

【摘要】：构建电力批发市场是电力市场化改革最核心的制度安排。尽管国外在运行的电力市场间多有差别,但从电力供需平衡基本方式的角度看,只有"单边交易"(也称强制性电力库)和"双边交易"两种模式。所谓"单边交易"模式,就是市场组织者强制代需方向供方招标采购,不允许场外实物交易,所有发电商均只能向市场组织者(非营利机构)售电,所有售电商和大的终端用户也只能向市场组织者购电,市场组织者是唯一批发购电者和批发售电者,市场出清价格基于供方的竞争决定,需方是市场价格的被动接受者。"双边交易"模式的核心是"自由交易、自负其责",允许场外实物交易,场内的有组织交易也属自愿参加。需方参与价格形成,但也要为其购买承诺负经济责任。从我国的国情出发,"单边交易"的优点是易于和传统体制接续,可控性强,较难解决的问题是市场操纵;"双边交易"模式的优点是市场效率高,但构架复杂,靠合同约束保障系统平衡对法制条件及配售侧改革配套要求较高。我国电力批发市场构建的长期目标应确定为"双边"的跨省区域市场,但应先易后难、稳步推进。过渡期交易模式应以"单边交易"模式为主,区域电力市场建设可走"由点及面"的渐进之路。
[Abstract]:The construction of the wholesale electricity market is the core institutional arrangement of the power market-oriented reform. Although there are many differences between foreign power markets, from the perspective of the basic mode of power supply and demand balance, there are only two modes of "unilateral transaction" (also known as mandatory power bank) and "bilateral transaction". The so-called "unilateral transaction" mode is that market organizers force suppliers to tender for procurement on behalf of demand, do not allow over-the-counter physical transactions, and all power producers can only sell electricity to market organizers (non-profit institutions). All sellers and large end users can only buy electricity from market organizers, who are the only batch producers and wholesalers. The market clearing price is based on the competitive decision of the supplier, and the buyer is the passive recipient of the market price. " The core of the bilateral transaction model is "free trade, take its own responsibility", allowing physical transactions off-the-counter, organized transactions on the floor are also voluntary participation. The buyer participates in price formation, but also bears economic responsibility for its purchase commitment. According to the national conditions of our country, the advantage of "unilateral transaction" is that it is easy to connect with the traditional system, has strong controllability, and it is difficult to solve the problem of market manipulation. The advantage of the "bilateral transaction" mode is that the market efficiency is high, but the structure is complex, and the balance of the contract constraint guarantee system has higher requirements for the legal conditions and the matching reform of the placing side. The long-term goal of China's electricity wholesale market construction should be defined as "bilateral" cross-provincial regional market, but it should be easy first and then difficult to promote steadily. The transitional trading mode should be based on the "unilateral transaction" model, and the construction of regional electricity market can take the gradual road of "from point to side".
【作者单位】：国家发展和改革委员会市场与价格研究所;
【分类号】：F426.61

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