晚清《汇报》及其初期自然科学知识传播研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 23:00

本文关键词： 《汇报》(1899-08—1911-08) 李gU(1840—1911) 科学传播史期刊传播史新闻事业史　出处：《西北大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文基于对晚清传教士期刊《汇报》初期(第100号—第211号)共112期原始文献的考证分析,运用内容分析法和比较法,从传教士期刊史、科学传播史、中国新闻事业史、新闻传播学角度切入,以分析办刊环境着眼,着重探讨了《汇报》编辑出版详况、主编者的办刊实践活动、传播特色、传播策略及其初期自然科学知识的传播,特别是该刊对生物进化论输华后发起的第一轮猛烈攻击这一科学传播事件进行分析,以期更加全面、客观地评价《汇报》的学术价值,为晚清期刊演化提供实证依据。《汇报》是由“天主教第一报人”李扶所主编的一份以传播西学、报道时事为主的综合性教会期刊。依托法国天主教耶稣会,《汇报》充分贯彻“学术传教”策略,大力传播西学,其初期所传自然科学知识,大致梳理各学科17-19世纪以来的主要理论成果,但囿于当时民众科学素养大多低浅,故彼时所输入的自然科学,多为基础知识,仅处于启蒙阶段；社会科学上,较之前的《益闻录》《格致益闻汇报》,不仅篇幅比重加大,而且明显偏重对西国新思想、新体制等社会改革方面的介绍,尽管传教士传播西学之根本在于宣传教义,扩大教会影响力,但在客观上却促成西学东渐之风盛行,对长期处于封建思想禁锢下的中国人,具有深刻的启蒙作用。同时,《汇报》还衍生出诸多二次传播产品,经李杖所译的《西学关键》《舆学续编》等科普书籍,均是先在《汇报》上刊载而后集结成书的,这些书籍涉及物理学、天文学、地理学、地质学等基础学科,为使国人了解当时世界自然科学知识的发展状况提供便利条件,进一步扩大了西学传播的影响。“问答”一栏的设立,延续了《格致汇编》以来传教士期刊的优良传统,解答读者之困惑,注重传播效果的反馈,形成读者与编者间互动的传播模式,有利于西学传播的二次延伸拓展。主编李gU先后创办《益闻录》《格致益闻汇报》《汇报》等系列传教士期刊,首次实现了中国知识分子在西学传播中逐渐由被动转为主动的身份,为天主教的文字出版事业倾尽毕生心力。他竭力维护天主教利益,只要遇到与天主教利益相冲突的言论,必奋起驳斥,以生物进化论的批判为例,他凭借深厚的中西学修养,写成《天演论驳议》系统全面地对生物进化论进行批判,并直指其理论缺陷,坚决捍卫天主教的尊严。李gU也时常编发宣传西方先进体制和思想的评论文章,以频繁的言论刺激广大有识之士的觉醒。《汇报》所载《物类生克说》对生物进化论的“自然选择”之说提出批判,成为第一份对生物进化论提出批判的传教士期刊,为主编李gU后期所发表的传教士批判生物进化论的力作——《天演论驳议》的诞生奠定思想铺垫,客观上促使国人开始了解生物进化论,进而影响其在中国的传播深入化。然而,囿于世界观、认识论的狭隘,《汇报》在西学传播上始终存在矛盾性,对一般科学知识乐于介绍与宣传；但对与教义相抵触的科学知识,则坚定维护宗教立场坚决批判。其大量刊载有关天体物理学与动物学的科普文章,却也固执地坚持“神创论”的至高无上,反对一切有违教义的科学知识,充分暴露出传教士期刊科学视野的狭窄。
[Abstract]:This article is based on the journal report < > early missionaries in the late Qing Dynasty (100th - 211st) of a total of 112 original literature research, using the content analysis method and comparative method, from the journal history, history of science communication, Chinese journalism history, the angle of journalism, to analyze the environment are discussed < > report details of editing and publishing, the editor of editorial practice activities, dissemination characteristics, communication strategy and the initial spread knowledge of natural science, especially the issue of China launched after the first round of attack the science communication events are analyzed on the theory of biological evolution, in order to get more comprehensive and objective evaluation of < >. The academic value, and to provide evidence for the evolution of journals in the late Qing Dynasty.
< > is a report by the editor of "the first Catholic newspaper" Li Fusuo to spread, comprehensive reports on current affairs of the church journal. Relying on the French Catholic Jesus, < report > to fully implement the "academic mission" strategy, vigorously spread, the preaching of the knowledge of natural science, hackle the main theoretical results of the discipline of 17-19 century, but was confined to the public scientific literacy are low, so that the input of natural science, many basic knowledge, only in the initial stage; the Social Sciences, compared to the previous "Yi Wen Lu Yi Wen > > Gezhi report, not only to increase the proportion of space, and was focused on the new ideas of western in China, social reform new system were introduced, even though there is transmission of Western missionaries spread Christianity, to expand the power of the church, but in fact has led to the prevailing winds, Feng Jiansi in the long term To imprison the Chinese, has profound enlightenment. At the same time, < > report also spawned many two spread products, and the key New Testament translated by Li rod < western science of Science > books, which is published in < report > and then assembled into a book, these books are about physics astronomy, geology, geography, and other basic disciplines to make people understand the development status of world knowledge of natural science to provide convenient conditions, to further expand the influence of the spread of Western learning. "Q" column of the establishment, the continuation of the tradition of the missionary journal < > Gezhi assembly, the puzzle of readers, focusing on communication effect feedback the form of interaction between readers and editors of the mode of transmission, is conducive to the spread of Western learning of the two extension.
The editor in chief Li gU has founded "Yi Wen Lu > > > < report on Yi Wen Gezhi series missionary Journal for the first time, China intellectuals in the western learning spreading gradually from passive to active status, for the Catholic text publishing the best life of heart. He tried to maintain the interests of the Catholic Church, when the conflict with the Catholic church the interests of speech, will rise to refute criticism to the theory of biological evolution as an example, by virtue of his profound accomplishment in Chinese and Western learning," tianyanlun refutation > system carries on the critique to the theory of biological evolution comprehensively, and points its theoretical defects, and resolutely safeguard the dignity of the Catholic. Li gU often has the western advanced system and ideological propaganda the commentary, with frequent speech stimulate the majority of a person with breadth of vision awakening.
< < > report contained substances that G > on the evolution of "natural selection" said it is criticized as the first put forward critical missionary Journal of biological evolution, critical biological evolution to missionary masterpiece editor Lee gU later published on the birth of "tianyanlun" laid the ideological refutation pave the way, objectively urges the people to begin to understand the biological evolution, thereby affecting its spread in the China deeply.
However, due to the narrow world view, epistemology, < > report always exist contradictions in the spread of Western learning, to introduce and promote the general scientific knowledge; but the conflict with the doctrine of scientific knowledge, is determined to maintain its position. A large number of religious criticism firmly devoted to astrophysics and animal science articles also, but stubbornly adhere to the "supreme God" theory, contrary to the teachings of the opposition to all scientific knowledge, fully exposed the missionary journal Science narrow field of vision.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G239.29

【参考文献】