用户生成内容（UGC）网站著作权问题探讨及应对策略

发布时间：2018-04-03 10:37

本文选题：用户生成内容　切入点：间接侵权责任　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着互联网的迅速普及和发展,人们对互动式的Web2.0时代早就不再陌生,用户生成内容(UGC)作为Web2.0时代的灵魂也让21世纪变成了全民织网的年代。与此同时,基于用户生成内容(UGC)而发展壮大的UGC网络平台也成为了互联网产业乃至所有行业领域中必不可少的组成部分。然而,UGC网站终端用户利用UGC平台发布侵权内容的行为以及UGC网站从中免费攫取版权人利益的商业模式都让UGC网站面临着越来越严重的著作权侵权问题；版权人与UGC网站之间权利与义务的重新配置、地位与利益的互相博弈以及话语权与法律诉求的不断争斗,都是网络版权法律制度不得不面临的重要问题。除此之外,版权人和UGC网站也在充满着合作与对抗的发展过程中尝试着通过创立新的法律制度、一对一的版权许可协议以及促进版权合作的新型商业模式等一系列对策,来规避版权纠纷并寻求双赢的良好局面。本文简要介绍用户生成内容(UGC)及其网站的概况,讨论我国UGC网站间接侵权责任主观过错的认定标准,美国《禁止网络盗版法案》的最新内容及其对“避风港”原则的影响,并对版权人与UGC网站之间版权许可协议的创设及未来发展的对策进行相关评析并提出建议。笔者从实证主义角度出发,通过现有制度介绍、数据统计分析、法条对比评析、版权许可协议文本研究等方法对以上内容进行浅显研究。本文一共分为四个章节：第一章节对用户生成内容(UGC)及UGC网站进行了概括性介绍。本章节通过对用户生成内容(UGC)特征的逐项分析,认为普通用户出于非商业性目的自行制作上传的,用于广泛传播的原创性内容才是严格意义上的用户生成内容,并对用户生成内容进行了分类和列举。此外,本章节通过研究UGC网络平台的内容特征将常见的UGC网站分为七个主要类型,并评估了不同类型的UGC网站所对应的版权侵权风险,其中以视频网站、文件分享网站的著作权侵权风险最为严重。最后,通过介绍UGC网站传统的商业模式及新型PMC商业模式,认为UGC网站向PMC网站转变以及提高版权分销比重有助于解决其在商业模式转变过程中所面临的版权纠纷问题。第二章节对UGC网站面临的法律问题以及著作权侵权责任进行了探讨,特别是对UGC网站服务条款的设置以及著作权间接侵权责任主观过错认定标准进行了重点分析。UGC网站涉及的法律问题除著作权外,还包括商标权、言论自由、隐私权以及网络舆情监控等问题。本章节通过结合UGC网站侵权行为的特征、我国法律法规对侵权责任形态的规定以及版权人的诉讼策略,对间接侵权责任中“明知”与“应知”的认定标准进行了判别。本章节还通过对比美国《千禧年数字版权法》、我国《信息网络传播权保护条例》、国内UGC网站版权声明以及中国国家版权局的示范通知在权利人信息、版权作品信息、证明材料信息及其他信息共四个方面的异同,对“删除-通知”程序进行了分析并提出了在我国可操作的通知标准。第三章节对美国《禁止网络盗版法案》的背景、重点条文及影响进行了介绍和评析。《禁止网络盗版法案》是针对UGC网站的最新立法法案,其对美国网络版权制度产生的重大影响即在于其可能绕过“避风港”原则,并从法律层面全面调整UGC网站的生存规则。本章节从执法主体、执法对象、权利主体、义务主体、义务内容、豁免条件以及反通知共七个方面,对《禁止网络盗版法案》具体条文进行了详细研究和分类整合,并就其对UGC网站造成的影响做出了相应评析和建议。第四章节以版权人与UGC网站签订的数份版权许可协议为基础,对版权人与UGC网站之间权利义务以及利益平衡的博弈进行了研究,并为双方在未来的网络版权制度方面的合作提出了简单的协议策略和合作建议。其中,重点分析了双方版权许可协议中的反盗版要求及删除和监控服务条款,对双方权利义务的配置及协议框架的拟定进行了技术性分析和建议。版权人与UGC网站在一对一协议安排、立法建议以及经济收益方面以开放的态度进行合作,才会使得利益最大化,最终实现双方共赢。
[Abstract]:In recent years , with the rapid popularization and development of the Internet , people are no stranger to the interactive Web 2.0 era , and the user - generated content ( UGC ) , as the soul of the Web 2.0 era , has become an integral part of the Internet industry and even all the industry fields . At the same time , the UGC website end - user uses the UGC platform to publish the infringing content and the business mode from which the UGC website captures the interests of the copyright owner free of charge , so that the UGC website is faced with more and more serious copyright infringement problems ;
In addition , copyright owners and UGC websites try to avoid copyright disputes and seek a win - win situation through the creation of a new legal system , one - on - one copyright licensing agreement and a new business model for promoting copyright cooperation .

This paper briefly introduces the general situation of user generated content ( UGC ) and its website , discusses the determination standard of subjective fault of indirect tort liability of UGC website , analyzes and puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of copyright license agreement between copyright owner and UGC website , and puts forward some suggestions .

The first chapter introduces the user - generated content ( UGC ) and UGC websites . This chapter classifies and lists the user - generated content by analyzing the content characteristics of UGC - based websites . In addition , this chapter classifies the common UGC websites into seven main types for non - commercial purposes , and evaluates the copyright infringement risks corresponding to different types of UGC websites . Finally , the paper introduces the traditional business model of UGC websites and the new PMC business model , and believes that the transformation of UGC websites to PMC website and the improvement of copyright distribution proportion can help to solve the copyright dispute problem in the course of business model transformation .

The second chapter discusses the legal problems faced by the UGC website and the liability of copyright infringement , especially the setting of the service provision of UGC website and the subjective fault identification standard of copyright indirect infringement liability .

The third chapter introduces and analyzes the background , key provisions and influence of the copyright system in the United States , which is the latest legislation bill for UGC websites . It has a great influence on the copyright system of the United States , that is , it can circumvent the " safe haven " principle and adjust the survival rules of UGC websites in a comprehensive way from the legal level . This chapter carries out detailed research and classification integration of the specific provisions of the law enforcement subject , law enforcement object , rights subject , obligation subject , obligation content , exemption condition and anti - notification , and makes corresponding comments and suggestions on the impact of the copyright law on UGC websites .

The fourth chapter is based on the copyright license agreement signed by the copyright owner and the UGC website , and makes a simple agreement strategy and cooperation suggestion for the cooperation between the copyright owner and the UGC website . The article analyzes the anti - piracy requirements and the deletion and monitoring service clauses in the copyright license agreement of both parties , and makes technical analysis and suggestion on the arrangement of the rights and obligations of both parties and the formulation of the agreement framework . The copyright owner and the UGC website cooperate with an open attitude in the one - to - one agreement arrangement , legislative proposal and economic benefits , so that the benefits are maximized , and the mutual win is realized finally .

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923.41

【参考文献】