我国著作权刑事保护立法的研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 13:52

本文选题：著作权 + 刑事　；参考：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国1994年公布实施的《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于惩治侵犯著作权的犯罪的决定》,第一次以法律的模式规定了对侵犯著作权犯罪应承担的刑事责任,自此,我国对著作权的刑事保护立法正式起步。随后,1997年《中华人民共和国刑法》中新增了“侵犯著作权罪”和“销售侵权复制品罪”2个罪名,规定了5种严重侵犯著作权行为构成犯罪。2001年我国加入世界贸易组织之后,为履行对《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》的承诺,对《中华人民共和国著作权法》进行了修正,在其第47条中规定了8种可以追究刑事责任的侵权行为,至此,我国著作权刑事立法保护框架基本形成。虽然我国对著作权的刑事保护起步比较晚,和英美法系、大陆法系的发达国家相比,在犯罪构成、刑罚设置、被害人救济等方面存在较大差距,并且与《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》等国际条约要求的标准也不尽相符。但作为发展中国家而言,我国对著作权刑事保护的发展速度大体符合我国国情,取得的实效也是十分值得肯定的。但从世界经济、文化发展的趋势来看,知识经济已经成为各国发展的核心竞争力。因此,我国对著作权的刑事保护立法,如何做到高效促进国内经济文化发展、如何稳妥的应对国际环境压力、如何适应历史的发展趋势,都是十分迫切地需要我们进行研究和探索的。本文分为引言、正文、结语三个部分,其中正文包含以下四部分内容：第一部分是对著作权刑事保护理论基础的简述。这一部分内容介绍了著作权刑事保护的必要性、侵犯著作权犯罪的特征、著作权刑事保护的程度。首先,著作权刑事保护历史发展的趋势和当今国内外形势注定了著作权刑事保护的必要性。侵犯著作权犯罪行为地域限制逐渐消失,犯罪手段越来越科技化,对象从集中在图书、音像制品转变成各种形式的作品,导致这种犯罪行为不仅扰乱了公共经济秩序,同时更是对个人利益的严重侵犯,社会危害性越来越大。最后简述了在著作权刑事保护中公共利益和个人利益、本国国情和国际义务、“强保护”和“弱保护“之间的关系及保护程度。第二部分是对境外著作权刑事保护立法的考察。考察细分为三个部分：第一部分是英美法系的主要代表国家英国和美国,第二部分是大陆法系的主要代表国家德国、法国和日本,第三部分是我国港、澳、台地区。通过对各个经济层次、不同大陆地域的多个国家和地区关于著作权刑事保护立法的考察,熟悉世界大多数国家和地区对著作权刑事保护立法的条款,研究这些国家和地区保护著作权刑事条款背后的立法目的和宗旨。这样,我国在著作权刑事保护立法中便能更好地结合我国国情实际,借鉴其精华,对我国的著作权刑事保护立法具有十分重要的意义。第三部分对我国著作权刑事保护立法的不足之处进行了深入分析。本部分从保护范围、.定罪标准、刑罚结构几个方面,分析了目前我国著作权刑事保护立法的不足之处。例如因保护范围狭窄导致制作、出售冒用他人署名权的文学作品追究不到刑事责任。“以营利为目的”的犯罪目的要求使得许多严重侵犯著作权犯罪逃避了刑罚制裁。刑法规定侵犯著作权犯罪以违法所得数额为定罪标准,而犯罪行为给权利人带来的实际损失不是定罪标准,很难保护权利人权利。我国仍以自由刑为主、罚金刑为辅,资格刑和没收财产刑都未得到适用。在侵犯著作权犯罪过程中,权利人主要遭受到的是经济利益的损失,而刑事保护立法没有给予其优先保护。第四部分在借鉴吸收部分境外著作权刑事保护立法经验的基础上,结合我国具体国情,提出完善我国著作权刑事保护立法的见解。相比现行规定而言,我国可以适当扩大著作权的刑事立法的保护范围,将广播节目等纳入《刑法》第217条规定,同时扩大赝品的刑罚惩治范围。将侵犯著作权罪的定罪情节“以营利为目的”修改为“在商业过程中”。修改罚金刑,增强其操作性,同时降低自由刑和增加资格刑。切实提高被害人的诉讼地位,完善被害人的诉讼权利,保障被害人的自身利益。
[Abstract]:In 1994, China promulgated and implemented the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on punishing the crime of infringement of copyright. For the first time, the criminal responsibility for copyright infringement should be stipulated in the legal model. Since then, our country's criminal protection legislation on copyright is in a positive way. Then, 1997 < People's Republic of China punishment. In the law, there are 2 charges of "crime of copyright infringement" and "crime of selling infringement replicas", which stipulate 5 kinds of serious infringement of copyright acts, which constitute a crime.2001 years after China joined the world trade organization, and amended the copyright law of the People's Republic of China for the implementation of the commitment to the agreement on intellectual property rights related to trade. In the forty-seventh article, there are 8 kinds of infringement acts that can be investigated for criminal responsibility. At this point, the legal protection framework of copyright criminal legislation is basically formed in our country. Although the criminal protection of copyright is relatively late in our country, there is a great difference in criminal construction, penalty setting and victim relief, compared with the developed countries of the Anglo American law system and the continental law system. But as a developing country, the speed of the development of copyright criminal protection in our country is in line with our national conditions, and the actual effect of it is well worth affirming. It has become the core competitiveness of the development of various countries. Therefore, our country's criminal protection legislation on copyright, how to achieve high efficiency in promoting the domestic economic and cultural development, how to cope with the international environmental pressure and how to adapt to the historical development trend, is very urgent for us to study and explore. This article is divided into the introduction and the text. There are three parts in the epilogue. The body contains the following four parts.
The first part is a brief introduction to the theoretical basis of copyright criminal protection. This part introduces the necessity of copyright criminal protection, the characteristics of copyright infringement and the degree of copyright criminal protection. First, the trend of the historical development of copyright criminal protection and the current situation at home and abroad are doomed to the necessity of copyright criminal protection. The regional restrictions on copyright infringement are gradually disappearing, and the means of crime are becoming more and more scientific and technological. The objects are focused on books and audio and video products into various forms of work, which not only disrupts the public economic order but also violates the interests of the individual, and the social harm is becoming more and more serious. Finally, it is briefly described in this paper. The relationship between the "strong protection" and "weak protection" and the degree of protection of public interests and personal interests, national conditions and international obligations in the criminal protection of copyright.
The second part is the investigation of the criminal protection legislation of overseas copyright. The investigation is divided into three parts: the first part is the main representative of the United Kingdom and the United States in the Anglo American law system, the second part is the main representative of the continental law system Germany, France and Japan, the third part is our port, Australia, and the Taiwan area. The investigation of the copyright criminal protection legislation in many countries and regions of the continental region is familiar with the provisions of the legislation of copyright criminal protection in most countries and regions of the world and the study of the legislative purpose and purpose behind the protection of the criminal provisions of copyright in these countries and regions. It is of great significance for China's copyright protection legislation to draw lessons from its essence in light of China's actual conditions.
The third part makes an in-depth analysis of the shortcomings of the copyright criminal protection legislation in China. From the scope of protection, the standard of conviction and the structure of the penalty, this part analyses the shortcomings of the current legislation on the criminal protection of copyright in our country. For example, the literary works of selling the right of signature for others are sold because of the narrowing of the scope of protection. The criminal responsibility of "making profit for the purpose" requires that many serious infringement of copyright crime evade punishment sanctions. The criminal law stipulates that the infringement of copyright crime takes the amount of the illegal income as the standard of conviction, and the actual loss caused by the crime to the right person is not the standard of conviction, it is difficult to protect the rights of the right holder. In the process of infringement of copyright, the rights holders are mainly suffered from the loss of economic interests in the process of infringement of copyright, and the criminal protection legislation does not give priority to the protection of the criminal protection legislation.
The fourth part, on the basis of drawing on the experience of absorbing part of the criminal protection legislation of copyright abroad and combining with the specific national conditions of our country, puts forward the views of perfecting the legislation of criminal protection of copyright in our country. Compared with the current regulations, our country can appropriately expand the scope of the protection of the criminal legislation of copyright, and bring the radio programs into the 217th rules of the criminal law. At the same time, the scope of punishment and punishment of the counterfeit is expanded. The crime of copyright infringement is modified to "in the business process" to "in the business process". To amend the penalty, to enhance its operability, to reduce the free punishment and to increase the qualification penalty, to improve the status of the victim's litigation, to improve the rights of the victims, and to guarantee the victims. Self interest.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D924;D923.41

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