《时代》周刊中国封面报道研究

发布时间：2018-07-13 21:22

【摘要】：在国际传播中,对他国形象的再造和解读受到种种媒介因素的影响已经成为共识。一国的大众传媒在跨文化传播中,常通过报道他国而塑造其社会公众心目中的“他国形象”。二十世纪,美国媒体凭借其雄厚的物质基础和先进的传播技术,在塑造和传播他国形象中扮演着举足轻重的角色。因此,对美国主流媒体对华报道的研究具有理论上与现实上的双重意义。本文以《时代》周刊以中国为主题的封面报道作为研究对象,力求了解《时代》周刊对华报道的角度与倾向,并探寻《时代》周刊所塑造的“中国形象”在历史进程中纵向变化与走势,试图探讨在各种因素下《时代》对华报道特征与运行机制。本文共分五个章节进行论述。第一章是对《时代》周刊中国封面报道的概述。首先从“封面报道”这一概念入手,由此展现出封面报道的部分在一本杂志中独有的价值和地位。其次是对《时代》周刊的历史发展、影响力及受众群进行了简要介绍,进而帮助读者了解《时代》周刊中国封面报道作为研究样本所具有的典型性意义。论文的第二章则主要是对美媒涉华报道的社会文化背景展开分析。一方面探析《时代》周刊的创办人鲁斯的中国情节对早期《时代》对华报道的影响。另一方面分别以西方文化视野和中美关系的发展为脉络,探索出处于不同时期,在具体的政治、历史和文化大背景下西方公众眼中中国形象的外观与轮廓。论文的第三章则主要是对文中已选取出的62篇封面报道进行系统的话语分析。为了能够体现出媒体报道中“中国形象”的纵向走势与变化,笔者根据《时代》周刊对华报道态度上的几次重大转折作为分界点,将62篇封面报道分为四个部分依次阐述,即归结为《时代》周刊中“中国形象”发展变化的四个时期,即美好时期、冷战时期、开放时期、遏制时期。在每一部分中,笔者皆采用了话语分析的方式,勾画出其新闻报道中所呈现出的“中国形象”的具体化的图景。在论文的第四章,笔者将分别从报道数量,报道内容,报道倾向和报道议题四个方面对研究对象进行了统计分析。可以看出,自称有着“客观”、“中立”报道理念的美国媒体,却在对华报道中表现出明显的总体倾向性以及对中国政治报道内容上的偏爱。在通过对不同时期《时代》周刊对华报道的重点议题的分析后发现,美国媒体在对华报道的议题选择上,往往会以美国的自身利益为基点,结合国际局势,中美关系,对华政策等因素下进行相应的“议程设置”。第五章中,笔者分别从美国国家利益、主编的主观性和中美意识形态差异三个方面论述了它们如何对《时代》周刊“中国形象”产生的巨大影响。同时,美国特有的新闻理念,新闻从业人员的文化背景,和媒体商业化运行机制也间接地影响着《时代》对华报道的角度选择和价值判断。最后提出,我们在呼吁美国媒体增强对中国客观、中立的报道中,中国也应该增强自身的跨文化传播能力,赢得跨文化传播的主动权,为中国建构一个和平崛起的大国形象而努力奋斗。
[Abstract]:In international communication, the reconstruction and interpretation of the image of his country has been the consensus of various media factors. In the cross-cultural communication, the mass media of one country often portraying his image of "his country" in the public's mind by reporting his country. In twentieth Century, the American media was based on its solid material basis and advanced communication technology. It plays an important role in shaping and disseminating the image of his country. Therefore, the study of the American mainstream media's report on China is of both theoretical and practical significance. In search of the vertical change and trend of "Chinese image" in the historical process, this paper tries to discuss the characteristics and operating mechanism of the times > China's reporting of the times under various factors. This article is divided into five chapters.
The first chapter is an overview of China's cover report of the times > weekly. First, starting with the concept of "cover report", it shows the unique value and status of the cover report in a magazine. Secondly, it gives a brief introduction to the historical development, influence and audience of the times > weekly to help readers understand the times > The cover story of weekly China has typical significance as a research sample.
The second chapter of the paper is mainly to analyze the social and cultural background of the American media related to China. On the one hand, the author explores the influence of the Chinese plot of the founder of the times > Ruth on the report of the early < times > to China. On the other hand, it explores the different periods and in a specific period, with the development of the Western cultural vision and Sino American relations as the collateral. Under the background of politics, history and culture, the appearance and outline of Chinese image in the eyes of the western public.
The third chapter of the paper is the systematic discourse analysis of the 62 cover reports that have been selected in the paper. In order to reflect the longitudinal trend and change of the "Chinese image" in the media reports, the author divides the 62 cover reports into four parts according to several major turning points in the attitude of the times to China. In turn, it comes down to four periods of the development and change of "Chinese image" in the times > weekly, that is, the beautiful period, the cold war period, the opening period and the period of containment. In each part, the author uses the way of discourse analysis to sketch out the concrete picture of the "Chinese image" presented in the news report.
In the fourth chapter of the paper, the author makes a statistical analysis of the research objects from four aspects: the number of reports, the content of the report, the tendency of reporting and the topic of the report. It can be seen that the American media, who claims to have "objective" and "neutral", has shown a clear general tendency in China's report to China and the Chinese political newspaper. After the analysis of the key issues of the times > weekly reports to China in different periods, it is found that the American media's choice of issues in China often takes the United States' own interests as the basis for the "agenda setting" in the context of the international situation, Sino US relations and China's policy to China.
In the fifth chapter, the author expounds how they exert a great influence on the "Chinese image" from the three aspects of the American national interests, the subjectivity of the editor and the ideological difference between the United States and the United States. At the same time, the unique news concept of the United States, the cultural backview of the journalists, and the commercial operation mechanism of the media are also indirectly affected. The choice and value judgment of "era" reporting to China.
Finally, we put forward that in the appeal to the American media to enhance the objective and neutral report on China, China should also enhance its cross-cultural communication ability, win the initiative of intercultural communication, and strive for China to build a powerful image of a peaceful rise.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G232

【相似文献】