传记出版与社会变迁—我国1949年以来传记出版研究
发布时间：2018-08-05 11:26
【摘要】：人是社会生活的主体,传记则是人的历史；传记在展现人的历史的同时,也记录了一个时代的各种具体文化现象。传记古老而又时新。在西方,传记真正成为一门独立的文体品种是20世纪上半叶出现的新传记。我国传记上承古代《史记》的史传传统,到了20世纪初,由梁启超、胡适等倡导,从理论与创作实践方面开创了我国新的传记。随着时代的发展,传记逐渐走出了与史学的分野,真正独立于文学之林。这一非虚构文体自20世纪下半叶以来,特别是90年代之后,出现了繁荣与勃兴。传记已经成为一个自成格局、具有特殊性的文学乃至文化与出版现象。传记作品从著者创作到以图书形态呈现出来并在受众中广布,出版这一环节承载着重要的作用和功能,可以说,离开出版就没有传记；而在当代出版实践中,传记蓬勃发展,传记作品已成为图书出版物中一个重要的集群与类别,在图书市场中展现出坚挺的身影。传记的蓬勃发展呼唤着出版理论研究。传记出版也因应着时代与社会。本研究从出版传播学、出版与社会关系等角度,试图解决这么几个主要问题：一、我国1949年以来传记出版究竟是怎样一个状况；二、传记出版受到哪些因素的影响；三、传记出版与社会、时代的关系,等等。本研究利用了相关书目数据,借鉴了出版双效理论、书史理论、媒介空间理论以及社会变迁理论等,运用了跨学科研究法、定量与定性分析法、文献研究法等方法,还进行了相关访谈与观察等。本研究系统梳理了我国1949年以来六十多年传记出版的数量变化、发展阶段等概况,分析了几十年间媒介空间的流变、传记出版的时代背景与影响因素以及相关政策规定等,以传记这一类出版物作为一个侧面,来展现当代中国出版发展的流变。同时,重点探讨并展现了传记出版与社会、时代之间密切的互动关系,即什么样的时代就有什么样的传记,一个时期的传记出版也能深刻地反映出时代氛围与现象。通过研究可以看出,传记出版体现出了社会与时代的变迁。在中华人民共和国建立之初的十七年时期,传记题材与传主是从普通工人、农民、士兵等群体中涌现的先进人物与英雄这样“完全新型的人物”,突显的是时代新人登上历史舞台,是政治形势主导下的“红色”出版、“红色”阅读潮流下的英雄叙事。十年特殊时期,前期的“去英雄化”,即所写的人物为当代时下的普通群体中涌现出的体现努力工作、积极奉献、不怕牺牲为价值导向的先进典型、积极分子,主要表现出人物的奉献、牺牲等精神是在毛主席的思想精神影响教育下形成的,即表达一种忠心,其指向的是对领袖的个人崇拜；后期的“去当代化”,即历史人物传记唱主调,传记作品主要写的是秦始皇以及李斯、曹操、王安石等具有改革家、法家气质的人物以及农民起义的首领等,虽话说历史,但意指当下。新时期以来传记出版开始复苏与振兴,不断突破了政治人物题材的禁区,将帅、文学艺术家、人文知识分子、科技工作者、改革风云人物、财经人物、明星主持人乃至普通人等各类人物你方歌罢我登场,多音齐奏、多元共生,反映出时代的开放与进步,社会从非正常到逐步走向正常,从封闭、保守、僵化到逐步走向开放、包容、自信与进步；社会由政治偶像、生产偶像向消费偶像转变,表现出我国社会由政治主导、阶级斗争为主到以生产者为中心再转向到以消费者为中心的社会变迁；明星图书的消费,反映出社会全面迈入自我意识觉醒高涨、强调自我价值的时代,社会大众逐渐摆脱了传统的保守心理,人性得以解放与张扬；平民传记及个人史的书写,由名人而凡人、由精英而大众,反映出“以人为本,关注心灵”逐渐成为社会的共识。这充分展现了各个阶段传记发展的特征以及传记出版与时代、社会之间的密切互动关系。本研究拓展了出版学研究、传记研究的空间领域,丰富了有关研究成果,并为以后的研究提供思路与借鉴。
[Abstract]:People are the main body of social life and biography is the history of human beings; biographies have also recorded the specific cultural phenomena of an age. Biographies are ancient and new. In the west, biographies truly become an independent literary genre in the first half of the twentieth Century. The tradition of history and biography, by the early twentieth Century, initiated a new biography of our country from the theory and creative practice, initiated by Liang Qichao and Hu Shi. With the development of the times, the biography has gradually stepped out of the separation from history and is truly independent of the forest of literature. This non fiction style has emerged since the second half of the twentieth Century, especially after 90s. Biography has become a self formed, special literature and even cultural and publishing phenomenon. Biography works from the author to the form of books and widely distributed in the audience. Publishing this link carries important functions and functions. It can be said that there is no biography leaving the version; and in contemporary publishing practice, it is passed on. Biography has become an important cluster and category in books and publications, showing a strong figure in the book market. The vigorous development of biography calls for the research of publishing theory. Biography is also due to the times and society. This study tries to solve this problem from the perspectives of publishing, publishing, and social relations. The main questions are: first, what is the state of biography and publishing in China since 1949; two, which factors have been influenced by biographical publishing; three, the relationship between biography and society, the relationship of the times, and so on. This study uses the relevant bibliographic data and draws on the double effect theory of publishing, the theory of book history, the theory of media space and the theory of social change. And so on, using the interdisciplinary research method, quantitative and qualitative analysis method, literature research method, and the related interviews and observation. This study systematically combed the changes of the number of biographies and publications in China since 1949, the development stage and so on, analyzed the changes of the media space in the past few decades, and the background of the biography and publication of the more than 60 years. The influence factors and relevant policies and regulations are taken as a profile to show the evolution of the development of contemporary Chinese publishing. At the same time, it focuses on the close interaction between biography and the society and the times, that is, what kind of biography is in the age, and the biography and publication of a period can be deep. It shows the atmosphere and phenomenon of the times. Through the study, it can be seen that biographical publishing embodies the changes of society and the times. In the seventeen years of the first seventeen years of the establishment of the biography, the biographies and themes were "completely new characters", such as the advanced characters and Heroes emerging from the ordinary workers, farmers, soldiers and other groups. It shows that the people of the times are on the historical stage, the "red" publication under the political situation and the heroic narrative under the "red" reading trend. In the special period of ten years, "to be heroic" in the early period, that is, the characters that have been written in the general group of contemporary times reflect hard work, active dedication, and no sacrifice for the value orientation. The advanced typical and active elements, mainly showing the dedication and sacrifice of the characters, are formed under the influence of Chairman Mao's ideological and spiritual education, that is, to express a kind of loyalty, which refers to the personal worship of the leader; the later "to modernized", that is, the historical characters' biography, and the biography is mainly written by Qin Shihuang and Li. There are reformers, Cao Cao, Wang Anshi and other characters of the reformer, the temperament of the Legalists and the leaders of the peasant uprising. Though history, it means that the biography and publication have begun to revive and revitalize since the new period, and constantly break through the forbidden areas of the subject matter of the political figures, the generals, the literary artists, the humanities intellectuals, the scientific and technological workers, the reform figures, the finance and economics. The characters, the star host and the ordinary people, all kinds of characters, I'm on the field, the multi tone ensemble, the multiple symbiosis, reflecting the opening and progress of the times, the society from the abnormal to the normal, from the closed, conservative, rigid to gradually open, inclusive, confident and progressive; the society is transformed from political icon, production idol to consumer idol. It shows that the society of our country is dominated by political leadership, class struggle mainly to producer centered and then to consumer centered social change. The consumption of star books reflects the rising of self consciousness awakening and the era of self worth, and the social masses gradually get rid of the traditional conservative mentality and the human nature is solved. The writing of biography and personal history of civilians, from the celebrities and the mortals, from the elite and the public, reflects the common understanding of "people oriented and the mind". This has fully demonstrated the characteristics of the development of biographies at various stages, and the close interaction between biography and the times and the society. This research expands the research of publishing research. The space field of biographical research enriches the research results and provides ideas and references for future research.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G239.2
，
本文编号：2165655
[Abstract]:People are the main body of social life and biography is the history of human beings; biographies have also recorded the specific cultural phenomena of an age. Biographies are ancient and new. In the west, biographies truly become an independent literary genre in the first half of the twentieth Century. The tradition of history and biography, by the early twentieth Century, initiated a new biography of our country from the theory and creative practice, initiated by Liang Qichao and Hu Shi. With the development of the times, the biography has gradually stepped out of the separation from history and is truly independent of the forest of literature. This non fiction style has emerged since the second half of the twentieth Century, especially after 90s. Biography has become a self formed, special literature and even cultural and publishing phenomenon. Biography works from the author to the form of books and widely distributed in the audience. Publishing this link carries important functions and functions. It can be said that there is no biography leaving the version; and in contemporary publishing practice, it is passed on. Biography has become an important cluster and category in books and publications, showing a strong figure in the book market. The vigorous development of biography calls for the research of publishing theory. Biography is also due to the times and society. This study tries to solve this problem from the perspectives of publishing, publishing, and social relations. The main questions are: first, what is the state of biography and publishing in China since 1949; two, which factors have been influenced by biographical publishing; three, the relationship between biography and society, the relationship of the times, and so on. This study uses the relevant bibliographic data and draws on the double effect theory of publishing, the theory of book history, the theory of media space and the theory of social change. And so on, using the interdisciplinary research method, quantitative and qualitative analysis method, literature research method, and the related interviews and observation. This study systematically combed the changes of the number of biographies and publications in China since 1949, the development stage and so on, analyzed the changes of the media space in the past few decades, and the background of the biography and publication of the more than 60 years. The influence factors and relevant policies and regulations are taken as a profile to show the evolution of the development of contemporary Chinese publishing. At the same time, it focuses on the close interaction between biography and the society and the times, that is, what kind of biography is in the age, and the biography and publication of a period can be deep. It shows the atmosphere and phenomenon of the times. Through the study, it can be seen that biographical publishing embodies the changes of society and the times. In the seventeen years of the first seventeen years of the establishment of the biography, the biographies and themes were "completely new characters", such as the advanced characters and Heroes emerging from the ordinary workers, farmers, soldiers and other groups. It shows that the people of the times are on the historical stage, the "red" publication under the political situation and the heroic narrative under the "red" reading trend. In the special period of ten years, "to be heroic" in the early period, that is, the characters that have been written in the general group of contemporary times reflect hard work, active dedication, and no sacrifice for the value orientation. The advanced typical and active elements, mainly showing the dedication and sacrifice of the characters, are formed under the influence of Chairman Mao's ideological and spiritual education, that is, to express a kind of loyalty, which refers to the personal worship of the leader; the later "to modernized", that is, the historical characters' biography, and the biography is mainly written by Qin Shihuang and Li. There are reformers, Cao Cao, Wang Anshi and other characters of the reformer, the temperament of the Legalists and the leaders of the peasant uprising. Though history, it means that the biography and publication have begun to revive and revitalize since the new period, and constantly break through the forbidden areas of the subject matter of the political figures, the generals, the literary artists, the humanities intellectuals, the scientific and technological workers, the reform figures, the finance and economics. The characters, the star host and the ordinary people, all kinds of characters, I'm on the field, the multi tone ensemble, the multiple symbiosis, reflecting the opening and progress of the times, the society from the abnormal to the normal, from the closed, conservative, rigid to gradually open, inclusive, confident and progressive; the society is transformed from political icon, production idol to consumer idol. It shows that the society of our country is dominated by political leadership, class struggle mainly to producer centered and then to consumer centered social change. The consumption of star books reflects the rising of self consciousness awakening and the era of self worth, and the social masses gradually get rid of the traditional conservative mentality and the human nature is solved. The writing of biography and personal history of civilians, from the celebrities and the mortals, from the elite and the public, reflects the common understanding of "people oriented and the mind". This has fully demonstrated the characteristics of the development of biographies at various stages, and the close interaction between biography and the times and the society. This research expands the research of publishing research. The space field of biographical research enriches the research results and provides ideas and references for future research.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G239.2
，
本文编号：2165655
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