论中国近代科技期刊在科技传播中的影响和启示

发布时间：2018-09-06 16:54

【摘要】： 早在20世纪40年代,英国科学史家贝尔纳即认为: “目前,世界上科学成果发表的方式主要是依靠33000多种科技期刊。” 在人类社会历史上,科学技术一直是推动其发展的重要革命力量。科学技术的传播对生产力的提高、生产关系的改善、政治制度的构建、意识形态的转向和社会思潮的兴起提供了科技实体、思想武器和精神支撑。科技期刊作为运载、传播科学技术信息和交流科学思想的主要载体,是人类社会科学技术发展到一定阶段的必然产物,在传播科技知识推动社会进步中起到了重要的作用。中国近代科技期刊是在特殊的历史和社会环境中孕育产生的,是在向西方学习“长技”、救亡图存的需要和科学救国思潮的社会背景下成为近代中国科技传播中一支重要的力量,并伴随着中国近代科学技术事业的发生和发展构建起其早期的基本体系。这种发展历程既是历史的偶然也是历史的必然,根据传播学传播规律:信息必须借助物质(载体)或能量方能流动,信息必须由势能高的空间传播到势能低的空间,也才能具有较大的动能和效应。当时科学技术落后的中国尽管遭受了西方列强的武力入侵(历史的偶然),在科学技术传播视角下,其处于势能低的地位,不得不接受西方国家先进的科学技术知识,这是不可抗拒的历史逻辑,作为中国近代科技传播的载体之一——科技期刊的发生发展也要受此历史逻辑的制约。因此,当时中国的科技期刊是以一种“被动”的姿态开始了“被动式”传播,这是历史规律使然,也是大势所趋。中国近代科技期刊的在这种规律中的发生发展又有其特殊影响。西方文化通过几百年的斗争才实现了宗教与世俗的分离,科学在与宗教的斗争中几次被宗教统治,又几次挣脱枷锁最终才确立了它在西方文化中的中心地位。科学的来之不易使西方人对科学非常推崇,科学精神已深深扎根于西方文化之中,近代科学技术迅速在欧洲大地上传播,出现了科学家——学科——建制——期刊的发展规律。而作为文明古国的华夏大地,尽管在历史上虽然有辉煌的科技成就,但由于中国有着二千多年的封建统治的历史,封建传统文化对近代科学有顽强的排斥力,同时社会经济的落后与文化水平的低下,也给近代科技的传播造成了极大的困难,近代科技期刊在引进与传播科学技术的过程中,一直遭到了封建思想和宗教迷信的反抗。这正是由于这一不同,导致作为近代中国传播科学技术先行者的科技期刊在中国的发生发展具有特殊性,无法遵循上述规律,因此研究其发展历程,分析其历史作用,不仅可以让我们了解科技期刊的影响及其实,对于研究科技的传播及演变也具有其重要的哲学价值。本文以中国近代史为背景,运用哲学思维,从科技史、科技传播规律,对中国近代科技期刊的孕育、产生、发展进行了比较系统的分析。第一部分勾勒出中国近代科技期刊萌发的历史背景和动因;对科技期刊的发展史进行了科学划分,并分析了各个发展阶段的代表期刊,论证了近代科技期刊在科技传播中的重要推动作用;即论证了科技期刊的共性,又分析了近代科技期刊在中国社会背景下的个性特征,具有一定的理论意义。第二部分对我国近代科技传播模式的演进进行了阐述,分别从科技传播理论角度、结合历史背景与中国科技期刊特点将模式演变分为三个阶段,融理论要素与时代背景为一体,并通过分析科技期刊与中国科学建制化、文化教育等之间的关系,从科技传播模式演变的角度论证了科技期刊对于我国科技传播模式的促进作用;进而在第三部分概括总结出科技期刊的发展历程对科技传播的历史作用和经验启示;以及在当今时代背景下,就科技期刊发展应注意的几个问题进行了简析。近代科技期刊不仅在近代中国科学技术史中占有重要的引领地位,而且其展现的时代背景及产生的巨大现实意义和对于科学精神的传播对当代科学技术事业的发展、促进创新型国家的建设、引领当今科学技术传播的进步、促进科学技术的交流,乃至社会主义现代化建设都有巨大的启迪和激励作用。
[Abstract]:As early as 1940s, Bernard, a British historian of science, said:
"At present, the way to publish scientific achievements in the world is mainly relying on over 33000 kinds of sci-tech periodicals."
In the history of human society, science and technology have always been an important revolutionary force to promote its development. The dissemination of science and technology has provided scientific and technological entities, ideological weapons and spiritual support for the improvement of productive forces, the improvement of production relations, the construction of political systems, the transformation of ideology and the rise of social ideological trends. The main carrier of learning technology information and communicating scientific ideas is the inevitable outcome of the development of human social science and technology at a certain stage, and plays an important role in disseminating scientific and technological knowledge to promote social progress.
Modern Chinese sci-tech periodicals were bred in a special historical and social environment. They became an important force in the dissemination of modern Chinese sci-tech under the social background of learning "long-term skills" from the West, the need for national salvation and the trend of scientific salvation. According to the law of communication, information must flow by means of matter (carrier) or energy, and information must be transmitted from high potential energy space to low potential energy space, so that it can have greater kinetic energy and effect. Although China has been invaded by the Western powers by force (historically accidental), from the perspective of scientific and technological communication, it is in a low potential position and has to accept the advanced scientific and technological knowledge of the western countries. This is an irresistible historical logic. As one of the carriers of modern scientific and technological communication in China, the occurrence and development of scientific and technological periodicals should also be accepted. Therefore, the Chinese sci-tech periodicals began to spread passively in a passive manner, which was the result of historical laws and the general trend.
The occurrence and development of modern Chinese sci-tech periodicals in this law also had its special influence. Western culture realized the separation of religion from the secular world through several hundred years of struggle. Science was ruled by religion several times in the struggle against religion, and broke away from the shackles several times before finally establishing its central position in Western culture. It is not easy for westerners to highly praise science, the scientific spirit has been deeply rooted in Western culture, modern science and technology spread rapidly in the European land, the emergence of scientists - disciplines - Institutions - journals of the law of development. Because China has a history of over 2000 years of feudal rule, the traditional feudal culture has a strong repulsive force against modern science. At the same time, the backwardness of social economy and the low level of culture have also caused great difficulties to the dissemination of modern science and technology. In the process of introducing and disseminating science and technology, modern scientific and technological periodicals have been confronted with feudal thoughts. It is precisely because of this difference that the occurrence and development of sci-tech periodicals, as the pioneers of science and technology in modern China, have particularity and can not follow the above-mentioned rules. Therefore, to study their development process and analyze their historical role can not only help us understand the impact of sci-tech periodicals and in fact, to It also has important philosophical value in studying the propagation and evolution of science and technology.
Based on the background of modern Chinese history, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the development of modern Chinese sci-tech periodicals from the perspectives of science and technology history and the law of science and technology communication. This paper analyzes the representative periodicals in various stages of development and demonstrates the important impetus of modern sci-tech periodicals in sci-tech communication, that is, demonstrates the commonness of sci-tech periodicals, and analyzes the personality characteristics of modern sci-tech periodicals in the context of Chinese society, which has certain theoretical significance. The second part is the evolution of modern sci-tech communication model in China. From the perspective of science and technology communication theory, combining with the historical background and the characteristics of Chinese sci-tech periodicals, this paper divides the evolution of the mode into three stages, integrating the theoretical elements with the background of the times, and demonstrates science and technology from the perspective of the evolution of the mode of science and technology communication by analyzing the relationship between sci-tech periodicals and the institutionalization of Chinese science, culture and education, etc. In the third part, the author summarizes the historical role and experience of the development of sci-tech periodicals in promoting the mode of sci-tech communication in China, and briefly analyzes some problems that should be paid attention to in the development of sci-tech periodicals under the current background.
Modern sci-tech periodicals not only occupy an important leading position in the history of modern China's science and technology, but also show the background of the times and the great practical significance of its emergence, and promote the development of contemporary science and technology undertakings through the dissemination of scientific spirit, promote the construction of an innovative country, lead the progress of science and technology dissemination and promote science and technology. Communication and even socialist modernization have great inspiration and inspiration.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G239.29

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