网络版权间接侵权民事责任研究
发布时间：2018-09-09 09:40
【摘要】：21世纪,人类已进入网络时代,信息的广泛复制和传播将是推动版权制度变革的驱动力,网络版权制度将成为促进各国经济和社会文化发展的重要因素,这个时代,将是一个“网络版权”的新时代。在这样的时代背景下,一方面,大量的信息和作品在网上传播,给人们带来了便捷、愉悦;另一方面,因擅自通过网络发表、传播他人作品等版权侵权纠纷问题也日益凸显。网络给版权带来的最大冲击就是改变了作品的传播方式,改变了版权人控制作品的形式,版权权利人比任何时候更容易受到借助于网络而实施的侵权行为。由于网络上往往很难找到直接侵权行为人,或是发现对直接侵权人诉讼费时费力,而又不能得到充分的赔偿。于是,版权人开始选择另一维权路径——将诉讼矛头对准间接侵权责任人。所谓网络版权间接侵权,是指行为人即使并没有直接实施受网络版权中各项专有权利所控制的行为,但其行为与他人的“直接侵权”行为之间存在特定联系,也可以基于公共政策考量等因素而被法律规定为侵权行为。如何界定网络版权间接侵权民事责任的标准及范围,不仅影响到司法保护水平和质量,而且直接关系到新兴网络产业的发展,也关系到无数网络用户的权益,因此探讨网络版权间接侵权民事责任制度具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。 网络服务提供者版权侵权责任存在着“直接侵权”和“间接侵权”的区别。其中,网络内容服务提供者一般承担直接侵权责任,这在理论界无太大争议。而网络在线服务提供者通过为网络用户提供个人空间、搜索引擎及BBS论坛等中介服务,本身不构成直接侵权的主体,但是如果其客观上为直接侵权行为者提供了实质性的帮助,则可能构成“间接侵权”。与一些西方发达国家对于“间接侵权”规则的完善规定相比,虽然目前我国在立法上也逐渐出现了一些有关间接侵权民事责任认定规则的零星规定,如《民法通则》中规定的“共同侵权”、《侵权责任法》中规定的“网络侵权”、《著作权法》中有关故意规避和破坏技术措施的侵权责任、《最高人民法院关于审理涉及计算机网络著作权纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》集中列举了几种网络服务商承担间接侵权责任的情形、《信息网络传播条例》中确立的“避风港规则”、《侵权责任法》中“共同侵权”、“网络侵权”的规则等。但是,这些规定或是照搬国外的立法或司法实践,或是与间接侵权规则有本质的区别,亦不能充分保护网络版权人的合法权益。 随着我国网络版权司法解释的出台以及《信息网络传播条例》、《侵权责任法》等法律法规的实施,加快了我国关于网络版权间接侵权民事责任的立法步伐,弥补了我国的立法空白,与过去相比是一个巨大的进步。然而,由于其中大多只是抽象而笼统的规定,缺乏具体可操作性,与欧美发达国家相比还是存在一定差距,因此需要更进一步的完善。笔者在本文中对我国现存立法中对网络版权间接侵权的规定进行了详细介绍,结合司法现状,阐述了我国网络版权间接侵权制度立法之不足,指出了明确规定网络版权间接侵权民事责任制度的必要性,并提出了进一步的立法完善措施:在立法理念方面,应坚持利益均衡,主要是应实现版权人权益和社会公众利益之间的平衡;在立法体例方面,借鉴国外先进立法,并注重与网络技术的契合性、立足于国内现存法律,注重制度创新与现有法律的协调,才是目前最切实可行的做法。具体而言,建议在日后修改《著作权》中逐步引入间接侵权民事责任制度,将“直接侵权”与“间接侵权”行为在不同的条款中分别列举,并对责任的限制、豁免予以明确规定,并同时对相关法律、法规、司法解释中的具体规定进行更进一步的完善;在制度设计方面,明辨网络版权间接侵权民事责任之主体、引入完整的代位侵权及帮助侵权责任制度、明确网络服务商“主观过错”之判断标准、设计明确的网络在线服务提供商的义务、构建特殊的网络版权集体管理机制、明确网络版权间接侵权责任承担方式。从而建立一套与我国国情相适应的网络版权“间接侵权”民事责任制度,促进网络技术与信息产业的健康发展,实现版权人权益与社会公众利益之间的平衡。
[Abstract]:In the 21st century, mankind has entered the era of network, the extensive reproduction and dissemination of information will be the driving force to promote the reform of copyright system, network copyright system will become an important factor to promote the economic and social and cultural development of countries, this era will be a new era of "network copyright". On the other hand, copyright infringement disputes such as publishing through the network without authorization and disseminating other people's works have become increasingly prominent. The biggest impact of the network on copyright is to change the way of dissemination of works, change the form of copyright holders controlling works, and copyright holders are more than any other. Because it is often difficult to find the direct infringer on the network, or find the direct infringer litigation time-consuming and laborious, but can not be fully compensated. Therefore, copyright owners began to choose another one-dimensional path - the prosecution of indirect infringers. Indirect infringement of Internet copyright refers to the infringement of Internet copyright, which is defined by law on the basis of public policy considerations and other factors, even though the actors do not directly implement the acts controlled by the exclusive rights of Internet copyright. The standard and scope of indirect infringement civil liability not only affect the level and quality of judicial protection, but also directly relate to the development of new network industry and the rights and interests of numerous network users.
There is a distinction between "direct infringement" and "indirect infringement" in the copyright infringement liability of ISPs. In theory, ISPs generally bear direct infringement liability, which is not controversial. ISPs provide intermediary services such as personal space, search engines and BBS forums for Internet users. Business itself does not constitute the subject of direct infringement, but it may constitute "indirect infringement" if it objectively provides substantial help to the perpetrators of direct infringement. Fragmentary provisions of the rules for determining civil liability for rights, such as "joint infringement" stipulated in the General Principles of Civil Law, "network infringement" stipulated in the Law on Tort Liability, "tort liability for intentional evasion and destruction of technical measures" stipulated in the Law on Copyright, and "applicable law of the Supreme People's Court in handling cases involving computer network copyright disputes" Interpretation of the Question Concentrates on several cases in which ISPs bear indirect tort liability, such as the "safe haven rule" established in the "Information Network Dissemination Ordinance", the "joint tort" and "network tort" rules in the "Tort Liability Law", etc. However, these Provisions either copy foreign legislation or judicial practice, or indirect invasion. There are essential differences between the rules of rights and the rights and interests of the copyright owners.
With the advent of judicial interpretation of network copyright in China and the implementation of laws and regulations such as Regulations on Information Network Dissemination and Law of Tort Liability, the pace of legislation on indirect infringement of network copyright in China has been quickened and the legislative gaps have been filled up, which is a great progress compared with the past. In this paper, the author gives a detailed introduction to the provisions of indirect infringement of network copyright in the existing legislation of our country, and expounds the system of indirect infringement of network copyright in our country according to the judicial situation. The deficiency of legislation points out the necessity of clearly stipulating the system of civil liability for indirect infringement of network copyright, and puts forward some further legislative measures: in the legislative concept, we should adhere to the balance of interests, mainly to achieve the balance between the rights of copyright and the interests of the public; in the legislative style, we should draw lessons from foreign advanced legislation, and It is the most practical way to pay attention to the conformity with the network technology, to the existing laws in China, and to the coordination between the system innovation and the existing laws. In the aspect of system design, it clearly distinguishes the subject of the indirect infringement of network copyright, introduces a complete system of subrogation infringement and assistance infringement liability, and makes clear the network clothing. The criteria for judging the "subjective fault" of the dealers, the obligations of the Internet online service providers, the special collective management mechanism of the network copyright, and the way to bear the indirect infringement liability of the network copyright are defined. Thus, a set of civil liability system of "indirect infringement" of the network copyright suitable for the national conditions of our country is established to promote the network technology. With the healthy development of the information industry, the balance between the rights and interests of copyright owners and the public interests can be achieved.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.41
本文编号：2232011
[Abstract]:In the 21st century, mankind has entered the era of network, the extensive reproduction and dissemination of information will be the driving force to promote the reform of copyright system, network copyright system will become an important factor to promote the economic and social and cultural development of countries, this era will be a new era of "network copyright". On the other hand, copyright infringement disputes such as publishing through the network without authorization and disseminating other people's works have become increasingly prominent. The biggest impact of the network on copyright is to change the way of dissemination of works, change the form of copyright holders controlling works, and copyright holders are more than any other. Because it is often difficult to find the direct infringer on the network, or find the direct infringer litigation time-consuming and laborious, but can not be fully compensated. Therefore, copyright owners began to choose another one-dimensional path - the prosecution of indirect infringers. Indirect infringement of Internet copyright refers to the infringement of Internet copyright, which is defined by law on the basis of public policy considerations and other factors, even though the actors do not directly implement the acts controlled by the exclusive rights of Internet copyright. The standard and scope of indirect infringement civil liability not only affect the level and quality of judicial protection, but also directly relate to the development of new network industry and the rights and interests of numerous network users.
There is a distinction between "direct infringement" and "indirect infringement" in the copyright infringement liability of ISPs. In theory, ISPs generally bear direct infringement liability, which is not controversial. ISPs provide intermediary services such as personal space, search engines and BBS forums for Internet users. Business itself does not constitute the subject of direct infringement, but it may constitute "indirect infringement" if it objectively provides substantial help to the perpetrators of direct infringement. Fragmentary provisions of the rules for determining civil liability for rights, such as "joint infringement" stipulated in the General Principles of Civil Law, "network infringement" stipulated in the Law on Tort Liability, "tort liability for intentional evasion and destruction of technical measures" stipulated in the Law on Copyright, and "applicable law of the Supreme People's Court in handling cases involving computer network copyright disputes" Interpretation of the Question Concentrates on several cases in which ISPs bear indirect tort liability, such as the "safe haven rule" established in the "Information Network Dissemination Ordinance", the "joint tort" and "network tort" rules in the "Tort Liability Law", etc. However, these Provisions either copy foreign legislation or judicial practice, or indirect invasion. There are essential differences between the rules of rights and the rights and interests of the copyright owners.
With the advent of judicial interpretation of network copyright in China and the implementation of laws and regulations such as Regulations on Information Network Dissemination and Law of Tort Liability, the pace of legislation on indirect infringement of network copyright in China has been quickened and the legislative gaps have been filled up, which is a great progress compared with the past. In this paper, the author gives a detailed introduction to the provisions of indirect infringement of network copyright in the existing legislation of our country, and expounds the system of indirect infringement of network copyright in our country according to the judicial situation. The deficiency of legislation points out the necessity of clearly stipulating the system of civil liability for indirect infringement of network copyright, and puts forward some further legislative measures: in the legislative concept, we should adhere to the balance of interests, mainly to achieve the balance between the rights of copyright and the interests of the public; in the legislative style, we should draw lessons from foreign advanced legislation, and It is the most practical way to pay attention to the conformity with the network technology, to the existing laws in China, and to the coordination between the system innovation and the existing laws. In the aspect of system design, it clearly distinguishes the subject of the indirect infringement of network copyright, introduces a complete system of subrogation infringement and assistance infringement liability, and makes clear the network clothing. The criteria for judging the "subjective fault" of the dealers, the obligations of the Internet online service providers, the special collective management mechanism of the network copyright, and the way to bear the indirect infringement liability of the network copyright are defined. Thus, a set of civil liability system of "indirect infringement" of the network copyright suitable for the national conditions of our country is established to promote the network technology. With the healthy development of the information industry, the balance between the rights and interests of copyright owners and the public interests can be achieved.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D923.41
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前4条
1 张园园;网络服务商版权间接侵权责任研究[D];郑州大学;2012年
2 赵云;网络版权间接侵权民事责任研究[D];烟台大学;2012年
3 黄逸浪;网络服务提供者版权侵权过错认定研究[D];湘潭大学;2012年
4 杨颖;搜索引擎服务提供商的著作权侵权责任研究[D];华南理工大学;2013年
，本文编号：2232011
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